【摘要】 土壤优先流是指水分与溶质绕过基质区域、沿非均质孔隙通道快速迁移的独特现象，深入探究该现象对揭示土壤水分入渗、养分循环及污染物迁移规律至关重要。本文梳理了土壤优先流的类型划分以及土壤内在属性与外在环境条件对优先流形成与演变的影响机制，剖析了直接观测法、高精度无损检测技术、定量分析法及数值模型法的技术特点与适用边界；在此基础上，分析了优先流在农业水土工程和生态环境领域的实践价值，总结了当前研究中微观机理与宏观过程耦合不足、动态监测技术精度有限、成果转化路径模糊等关键问题；从多学科技术集成创新、提升模型适用性、强化田间调控技术的实证检验等方面对土壤优先流的未来研究重点进行展望，以期为土壤优先流研究精准化、实用化发展提供理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil preferential flow refers to a unique phenomenon where water and solutes bypass the matrix domain and migrate rapidly along heterogeneous pore channels.An in-depth exploration of this phenomenon is crucial for revealing the laws of soil water infiltration,nutrient cycling and pollutant migration.This paper systematically sorts out the classification of soil preferential flow types and the influence mechanisms of soil intrinsic properties and external environmental conditions on the formation and evolution of preferential flow,and analyzes the technical characteristics and applicable boundaries of direct observation methods,high-precision non-destructive detection technologies,quantitative analysis methods and numerical model methods.On this basis,it expounds the practical value of preferential flow in the fields of agricultural soil and water engineering and ecological environment,and summarizes the key problems existing in current research,such as insufficient coupling between micro-mechanisms and macro-processes,limited precision of dynamic monitoring technologies,and ambiguous transformation paths of research achievements.Furthermore,the future research priorities of soil preferential flow are prospected from the aspects of interdisciplinary technology integration and innovation,improvement of model applicability,and strengthening of empirical verification of field regulation technologies,aiming to provide theoretical references for the precise and practical development of soil preferential flow research.更多还原