【摘要】 本研究以刺梨和无子刺梨的根尖和子房为材料，研究了染色体制片取材及最佳采样时期，并进行核型分析。采用染色体压片法对刺梨、无子刺梨根尖和子房的多个时期进行染色体压片、分析。结果表明：刺梨、无子刺梨根尖和子房均可作为染色体制片选材；刺梨子房制片中以R₂时期为最佳观察时期，无子刺梨子房制片中以S₅时期为最佳观察时期；核型分析表明：刺梨、无子刺梨均为二倍体，核型均为“2A”;刺梨染色体的核型公式为2n=2x=12m+2sm,染色体相对长度范围为10.77～21.30μm,最长染色体与最短染色体相对长度的比值为3.21,核型不对称系数为56.77%;无子刺梨核型公式为2n=2x=10m+4sm,染色体相对长度范围为9.25～19.86μm,最长染色体与最短染色体相对长度的比值为3.67,核型不对称系数为61.30%。核型分析显示了刺梨与无子刺梨核型较为相似，且前者更古老。本研究可为刺梨、无子刺梨染色体制片选材及采样最佳时间提供参考，并为两者种质资源的分类鉴定及亲缘关系研究提供细胞学证据，为刺梨资源创制和新品种繁育种提供染色体信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment used R.roxburghii f.normalis and R.sterilis as materials to study the optimal sampling time for chromosome slide preparation in karyotype analysis, and conducted karyotype analysis on them.Multiple stages of their ovaries and root tips were made into glass slides and analyzed by the conventional chromosome pressing method.The research results showed that: their ovaries and root tip could be used as materials for chromosome slide production; the R2 period was the best observation period for R.roxburghii f.normalis,and the S₅ period forR.sterilis.The karyotype analysis found that both of diploid, and the karyotype was "2A".The karyotype formula of R.roxburghii f.normaliswas 2n=2x=12m+2sm, the chromosome relative length range was 10.77～21.30μm, the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest chromosome was 3.21,and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 56.77%.The karyotype formula of R.sterilis was 2n=2x=10m+4sm, the chromosome relative length range was 9.25～19.86μm, the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest chromosome was 3.67,and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 61.30%.Karyotype analysis showed that their karyotype were relatively similar, and R.roxburghii f.normalisis was more ancient.The results of this study also provided references for their sampling period of chromosomal slide production, and gave cytological evidence for the classification and identification of the tow germplasm resources, as well as chromosomal information for resource creation and new variety breeding.更多还原