【摘要】 稻虾共作通过整合资源循环与种养互利机制构建生态农业体系。本研究旨在解析该模式下秸秆还田对稻田土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的调控作用，本研究设置冬泡+秸秆不还田、冬泡+秸秆还田和冬泡+养殖克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)+秸秆还田3种处理，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，探究不同处理对土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性的影响。结果表明：(1)在冬泡状态下实施克氏原螯虾养殖并配合秸秆还田，显著提升了土壤总有机碳与碱解氮含量，同时导致土壤pH降低；(2)与冬泡+秸秆还田处理相比，冬泡+养殖克氏原螯虾+秸秆还田处理减少了土壤微生物物种数量，但在门分类水平上显著增加了粘球菌门(Myxococcota)和MBNT15的相对丰度；在属分类水平上显著提高了unclassified＿MBNT15的相对丰度，降低了Intrasporangium和MND1的相对丰度；(3) Alpha和Bate多样性分析表明，冬泡+养殖克氏原螯虾+秸秆还田处理降低了土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性，且细菌群落结构发生显著变化；(4)冗余分析表明，pH和速效磷是影响土壤细菌群落结构的主要因子。可见，秸秆还田在稻虾共作系统中通过改变土壤环境，降低了细菌群落的丰富度与多样性，驱动了群落结构的转变。本研究为阐释稻虾共生模式下的稻田土壤养分循环机制提供了重要理论支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rice-crayfish integrated farming system is an ecological agricultural model characterized by resource recycling and mutualistic symbiosis between crop cultivation and aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of straw return on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in a ricecrayfish integrated farming system. Three experimental treatments were implemented: winter flooding alone,winter flooding with straw return, and winter flooding combined with crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) culture and straw return. Bacterial community structure was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that:(1) Winter flooding combined with crayfish culture and straw return significantly increased soil total organic carbon and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content but reduced soil pH;(2) Compared to winter flooding with straw return, winter flooding combined with crayfish culture and straw return decreased microbial species richness, elevated the relative abundances of phylum Myxococcota and candidate phylum MBNT15 as well as genus unclassified＿MBNT15, but suppressed genera Intrasporangium and MND1;(3) Alpha and beta-diversity analyses revealed that integrating crayfish culture with straw return under winter flooding significantly reduced bacterial richness and diversity, while altering community structure;(4) Redundancy analysis identified soil pH and available phosphorus as the dominant drivers of bacterial community variation. This study demonstrates that straw return under the rice-crayfish integrated farming system alters soil physicochemical properties, reduces bacterial community richness and diversity, and modifies microbial community structure, thus providing a theoretical basis for nutrient cycling mechanisms in paddy soils of the rice-crayfish integrated farming system.更多还原