【摘要】 采棉机动力换挡变速器动态特性与换挡响应是影响采棉机换挡品质的关键因素。本文以某型采棉机动力换挡变速器为研究对象，提出了一种基于Amesim机液耦合仿真与台架试验的采棉机动力换挡变速器性能研究方法。首先，基于动力换挡变速器的机械传动结构与液压系统原理，构建了采棉机动力换挡机液耦合系统仿真模型。其次，设计并搭建了采棉机动力换挡变速器综合试验台，实现了对动力换挡变速器输入输出转速、转矩及换挡油路压力的实时采集。通过对比典型工况下仿真与试验传动比变化及换挡油压响应，验证了仿真模型的准确性。最后，采用三因素三水平正交试验，量化分析了输入转速、负载转矩和主油路油压对输出轴最大冲击度和换挡稳态时间的影响显著性。研究结果表明：仿真与台架实测动力换挡变速器动态响应趋势一致；正交试验极差与方差分析显示，主油路油压是影响输出轴最大冲击度的极显著因素，而输入轴转速是影响换挡稳态时间的极显著因素，为兼顾换挡速度与平顺性，换挡初期应提高主油路油压以缩短接合时间，中后期应降低油压上升速率，从而抑制输出轴冲击，实现换挡时间与冲击度的平衡优化。研究成果可为采棉机动力换挡变速器的性能预测、控制策略优化提供可靠的理论依据和试验平台支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dynamic characteristics and shift response of power shift transmission of cotton picker are the key factors affecting the shift quality of cotton picker. Taking a cotton picker power shift transmission as the research object, a performance research method of cotton picker power shift transmission was put forward based on Amesim mechanical-hydraulic coupling simulation and bench test. Firstly, based on the mechanical transmission structure and hydraulic system principle of power shift transmission, the simulation model of the power shift hydraulic coupling system of the cotton picker was constructed. Secondly, a comprehensive test bench of power shift transmission of a cotton picker was designed and built, which realized the real-time acquisition of input and output speed, torque, and shift oil pressure of the power shift transmission. The accuracy of the simulation model was verified by comparing the transmission ratio change and shift oil pressure response between simulation and test under typical working conditions. Finally, a three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was used to quantitatively analyze the significance of the influence of input speed, load torque, and main oil pressure on the maximum impact degree of the output shaft and shift steady-state time. The results showed that the dynamic response trend of power shift transmission simulation was consistent with that of bench measurement. The analysis of range and variance of orthogonal test showed that the oil pressure of main oil circuit was the most significant factor affecting the maximum impact degree of output shaft, while the speed of input shaft was the most significant factor affecting the steady-state time of shifting. To consider shifting speed and smoothness, the oil pressure of the main oil circuit should be increased at the initial stage of shift to shorten the engagement time, and the oil pressure rise rate should be reduced in the middle and late stages of shift, to suppress the impact of the output shaft and realize the balance optimization of shift time and impact degree. The research results can provide a reliable theoretical basis and test platform support for performance prediction and control strategy optimization of the power shift transmission of the cotton picker.更多还原