【摘要】 小麦是宁夏主要粮食作物之一，在农业生产中占据重要地位。宁夏灌区小麦育种工作长期致力于提升小麦产量、品质与抗逆性。回顾其发展历程，从1950年前地方品种驯化、早期外引品种种植，到自育品种更新换代及“冬麦北移”技术推广，再到现代生物技术的创新应用，宁夏灌区小麦品种选育成果丰硕。育种技术从常规育种逐步向分子标记辅助选择、基因编辑等现代技术转变。同时，宁夏灌区小麦育种面临种质资源创新不足、抗旱耐盐碱小麦品种育种难度大等挑战。未来需强化种质资源挖掘与创新，深化产学研协同合作，借助先进育种技术，加快培育适应盐碱、干旱等复杂环境的高产、优质、多抗小麦新品种，推动宁夏小麦产业持续健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat is one of the main grain crops in Ningxia, playing a significant role in agricultural production. The wheat breeding work in the irrigation areas of Ningxia has long been dedicated to enhancing wheat yield, quality, and resilience. Looking back on its development process, it started with the domestication of local varieties and the planting of early introduced varieties, then progressed to the renewal and replacement of self-developed varieties and the promotion of "winter wheat northward" technology, and finally reached the innovative application of modern biotechnology. The irrigation areas of Ningxia have achieved remarkable results in wheat variety selection. The breeding technology have gradually shifted from conventional breeding to modern technologies such as molecular marker-assisted selection and gene editing. At the same time, the wheat breeding in the irrigation areas of Ningxia faces challenges such as insufficient innovation in germplasm resources and the difficulty of breeding in saline-alkali areas. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the exploration and innovation of germplasm resources, deepen the collaboration among industry, academia, and research institutions, and utilize advanced breeding technologies to accelerate the breeding of new high-yield, high-quality, and multi-resistant wheat varieties that are adaptable to complex environments such as saline-alkali and drought. This will promote the sustained and healthy development of the wheat industry in Ningxia.更多还原