【摘要】 胸腺上皮肿瘤（thymic epithelial tumor,TET）是一种罕见的纵隔恶性肿瘤，晚期患者系统治疗手段有限。近年来，免疫治疗广泛应用于肺癌和黑色素瘤等实体瘤，程序性死亡受体1及其配体（programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1,PD-1/PD-L1）抑制剂在TET的临床研究中也初显疗效。然而，免疫治疗在TET中伴随特异且高发的免疫相关不良事件（immunerelated adverse event,irAE），严重限制了其临床应用。随着对irAE病理机制的探索及多学科管理模式的推广，早期识别、分级干预和个体化治疗策略已逐步完善。这些系统性管理方案的实施为安全推进TET免疫治疗提供了关键保障，并有望进一步改善患者生存预后。文章将系统综述TET免疫治疗的研究进展、irAE的潜在机制及其综合管理策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thymic epithelial tumor(TET)represents a rare malignant mediastinal neoplasm with limited systemic treatment options for advanced-stage patients. In recent years,immunotherapy has been widely applied in solid tumors such as lung cancer and melanoma. Clinical studies of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)inhibitors in TET have also demonstrated preliminary efficacy. However,immunotherapy in TET is associated with specific and highly prevalent immune-related adverse events(irAE),severely limiting its clinical application. With advances in understanding the pathophysiology of irAE and the adoption of multidisciplinary management approaches,early recognition,tiered interventions,and personalized treatment strategies have progressively matured. The implementation of these systematic management protocols provides critical safeguards for the safe advancement of immunotherapy in TET and holds promise for further improving patient survival outcomes. This article provides a systematic review of research progress in immunotherapy for TET,the potential mechanisms underlying irAE,and comprehensive management strategies.更多还原