【摘要】 将中国大陆划分为8个子区域：西北、北部、东北、华东、华中、华南、西南、西部，基于国家气候中心格点化观测资料（CN05.1），对中国第一代全球大气和陆面再分析（CRA-40）、日本气象厅第三次全球大气再分析（JRA-3Q）和欧洲中期数值预报中心第五代再分析（ERA5）3种最新的高时空分辨率再分析产品开展了在中国大陆风资源评估中的适用性研究。结果表明：1）在风功率密度空间分布特征方面，CRA-40在北部、东北、华东、华南和西南地区的重现最好，空间相关系数均达到了0.7以上；ERA5在华中地区的重现较好；JRA-3Q在西北和西部地区的重现较好。此外，CRA-40更好地再现了变化趋势的空间分布。2）在风功率密度时间变化特征方面，CRA-40在北部、东北、华东、华中、华南地区重现能力最好；ERA5在西南地区的重现较好；JRA-3Q在西北和西部地区的重现较好。除西北地区外，CRA-40对年变化趋势的重现能力最优。3）从相关性和偏差来看，CRA-40与观测的相关性最高，其次是JRA-3Q，在东北、华东、华中地区二者的相关系数普遍高达0.8；在西北和西部地区CRA-40比其他再分析高出了0.1～0.2。此外，CRA-40的均方根误差与偏差也较小。整体而言，CRA-40在风电项目集中分布的区域（如北部、东北、华东、华中、华南和西南地区）有明显优势，但在西北和西部地区JRA-3Q表现较优。因此，应根据需要及数据条件，针对不同区域采用不同的再分析数据开展风资源评估研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large-scale development of wind power represents a key pathway for decarbonizing the power sector,contributing significantly to energy conservation,emission reduction,environmental improvement,and climate change mitigation.Accurate wind resource assessment is critical for ensuring the successful development and profitability of wind farms,providing the basis for estimating regional wind energy potential and identifying suitable sites.In recent years,reanalysis datasets have been widely used in wind energy assessments due to their high spatiotemporal resolution,broad geographical coverage,and long-term continuity,which help overcome the limitations of conventional observational networks. However,while previous studies have identified notable regional differences in the applicability of various reanalysis-based wind fields,comparative evaluations of the latest products remain limited.In particular,the performance of China,s first-generation global atmospheric and land reanalysis(CRA-40),the Japan Meteorological Agency,s third global atmospheric reanalysis(JRA-3Q),and ERA5 from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in reproducing wind power density(WPD),a key indicator of wind energy potential,has not been sufficiently assessed.To address this gap,this study employs the gridded observational dataset CN05.1 from the National Climate Center of China and divides Chinese mainland into eight subregions(Northwest,North,Northeast,East,Central,South,Southwest,and West China)to systematically evaluate the performance of CRA-40,JRA-3Q,and ERA5 in capturing the spatial and temporal characteristics of WPD.The results indicate that(1)CRA-40 most accurately reproduces the spatial distribution of WPD in the N,NEC,EC,SC and SW regions,with the PCCs exceeding 0.7;ERA5 performs best in CC,while JRA-3Q performs better in NWC and W. CRA-40 also better captures WPD spatial trend patterns.(2)Temporal variability of WPD is best reproduced by CRA-40 in the N,NEC,EC,CC,and SC regions,by ERA5 in SW,and JRA-3Q in NWC and W.With the exception of NWC,CRA-40 most effectively reproduces the annual WPD trend.(3)In terms of quantitative consistency,CRA-40 shows the strongest correlation with observations,followed by JRA-3Q,with CCs generally reaching 0.8 in NEC,EC,and CC. In NWC and W,CRA-40 outperforms the other products by 0.1—0.2. CRA-40 also exhibits smaller RMSE and BIAS. Overall,CRA-40 demonstrates clear advantages in regions where wind projects are concentrated(e.g.,N,NEC,EC,CC,SC,and SW),whereas JRA-3Q is more suitable for NWC and W.These findings offer important guidance for wind resource assessment,site selection,and the application of reanalysis datasets in terrestrial China.They can support the further development of wind power,accelerate decarbonization of the power sector,and promote the transition to clean energy.Future research should explore integrating multiple reanalysis datasets or applying higher-resolution surface wind products to improve the accuracy of wind resource assessments.更多还原