【摘要】 种业科技具有研发周期长、生命前沿技术应用广泛的双重属性，是大国种业竞争的高科技领域。在种业企业研发投入规模日益增大的现实背景下，本文使用2018—2022年中国玉米龙头种业企业的面板数据，实证检验研发投入对企业竞争力的影响效果与调节机制。研究发现：(1)基础研究投入、应用研究投入均有助于玉米种业企业竞争力提升，但试验发展投入会对玉米种业企业竞争力产生削弱作用。(2)相较于非育繁推一体化企业、基础型企业、区域型企业和外包型企业，研发投入对育繁推一体化企业、科技型企业、全国型企业和垂直整合型企业竞争力的影响更显著。(3)当企业处于成长期时，基础研究投入对企业竞争力的影响作用更显著；当企业处于成熟期时，基础研究投入、试验发展投入对企业竞争力的影响作用更显著；而当企业处于衰退期时，各类研发投入均会对企业竞争力产生显著影响。(4)植物新品种保护授权强化了应用研究投入对玉米种业企业竞争力的正向影响，但无法强化基础研究投入对玉米种业企业竞争力的正向影响，也无法缓解试验发展投入对玉米种业企业竞争力的负向影响；而种子全程质量控制不仅有助于强化基础研究投入、应用研究投入对玉米种业企业竞争力的正向影响，还能扭转试验发展投入对玉米种业企业竞争力的负向影响。研究结论不仅为企业创新投入提供了新的理论指导依据，而且为推动种业振兴、政府扶持不同种业企业、制定产业创新政策提供了数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the backdrop of escalating R&D investments by seed enterprises, this study employs panel data from China’s leading corn seed enterprises spanning 2018 to 2022 to empirically examine the impact and moderating mechanisms of R&D investment on corporate competitiveness. The findings reveal that:(1) Both basic research investment and applied research investment contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of corn seed enterprises, whereas experimental development investment tends to undermine it.(2) Compared to non-integrated breeding, production, and promotion enterprises, basic enterprises, regional enterprises, and outsourcing enterprises, R&D investment exerts a more pronounced effect on the competitiveness of integrated breeding, production, and promotion enterprises, technology-driven enterprises, nationwide operators, and vertically integrated enterprises.(3) During the growth phase, basic research investment has a more substantial impact on enterprises competitiveness; in the maturity stage, both basic research and experimental development investments significantly influence competitiveness; while during decline, all types of R&D investments markedly affect enterprises competitiveness.(4) The new plant variety protection grant strengthens the positive impact of applied research investment on the competitiveness of corn seed enterprises, but it cannot strengthen the positive impact of basic research investment on the competitiveness of corn seed enterprises, nor can it alleviate the negative impact of experimental development investment on the competitiveness of corn seed enterprises; The whole process quality control of seeds not only helps to strengthen the positive impact of basic research investment and applied research investment on the competitiveness of corn seed enterprises, but also reverses the negative impact of experimental development investment on the competitiveness of corn seed enterprises. The research conclusion not only provides a new theoretical basis for the innovation investment of enterprises, but also provides data support for promoting the revitalization of the seed industry, supporting different seed enterprises by the government, and formulating industrial innovation policies.更多还原