【摘要】 当前以美国特朗普政府为代表的保护主义持续升温，叠加多地武装冲突的持续影响，显著加剧了国际环境复杂性，这对我国深化制度型开放与增强经济韧性提出了更为紧迫且艰巨的要求。在此背景下，文章聚焦制度型开放与企业韧性的关系，基于2003—2023年全国31个省级行政区A股上市公司的面板数据，构建了省级制度型开放综合指标与企业韧性测度体系，系统探讨了制度型开放增强企业韧性的内在逻辑。研究发现，制度型开放通过“有为政府”与“有效市场”两个层面显著提升了企业韧性。具体而言，制度型开放通过政府制度优化、政府创新保障、市场创新激励、市场金融支持这四大中介效应，帮助企业提升其韧性。进一步分析表明：对内制度优化的贡献大于对外FTA高水平嵌入；制度型开放对企业韧性的作用在深化改革的阶段呈现加速趋势；制度型开放对企业韧性的促进作用主要集中于提高企业的成长能力与承载能力；民营企业和沿海地区以及出口型企业的韧性受益更为显著。更深层次的机制验证表明，政府创新保障与市场创新激励具有协同效应，二者结合有助于企业韧性提升，但这一效应主要在东部地区显现。研究通过提供实证经验，为在“百年未有之大变局”下构建新型开放制度体系、增强微观经济韧性提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Amid the persistent rise of protectionism represented by the Trump administration in the United States, compounded by the ongoing impact of armed conflicts in multiple regions, the complexity of the international environment has intensified significantly. This places more urgent and formidable demands on China to deepen institutional openness and enhance economic resilience. Against this backdrop, utilizing panel data from A-share listed companies in China’s 31 provincial-level regions(2003—2023), this study investigates the relationship between institutional openness and firm resilience. It constructs a provincial-level composite index and a multidimensional measurement system to explore the internal logic through which institutional openness enhances firm resilience.The findings show that deepening institutional openness significantly improves firm resilience through the dual mechanisms of an "active government" and an "effective market". Specifically, institutional openness enhances resilience via four mediating channels: governmental institutional optimization, governmental support for innovation, market-based innovation incentives, and financial support from markets. Further analysis reveals that:(1) domestic institutional optimization contributes more than high-level embedding in FTAs;(2) the impact of institutional opening-up on resilience accelerates during phases of deepened reform;(3) the improvement of firm resilience is mainly reflected in the enhancement of growth capacity and bearing capacity;(4) private enterprises, enterprise in coastal areas, and export-oriented enterprises benefit more significantly. A deeper mechanism test shows that governmental support for innovation and market-based innovation incentives exhibit a synergistic effect, jointly fostering resilience, though this effect is more pronounced in eastern regions. By providing empirical evidence, this study offers valuable insights for building a new institutional framework for opening-up and strengthening microeconomic resilience amid "profound changes unseen in a century."更多还原