【摘要】 基于34所高校2022—2024届本科生的就业状况与父母职业类型的调研数据，运用因子分析法、频率分布法，系统探究了不同父母职业类型对不同性别大学生就业质量的差异化影响。研究发现：大学生就业质量整体呈现逐年提升趋势；父母职业类型显著影响子女就业质量，其中，来自专业技术人员家庭的大学生就业质量表现较为突出，而农民与农民工家庭的大学生表现较低；父母职业类型对大学生就业质量的影响存在性别差异但多数不显著，值得注意的是，在农民与农民工家庭中，男大学生的就业质量显著高于女大学生，而在企业管理层家庭中，女性则略占优势。基于人力-社会资本积累与转化理论，剖析了父母职业、性别、个体努力、市场需求、雇主偏好等多重因素对就业质量的作用机制，并从拓宽弱势群体机会、构建生育成本共担、打破性别刻板印象以及建立弱势家庭女大学生帮扶长效机制等四个方面，提出了提升大学生尤其是社会资源薄弱家庭女大学生就业质量的策略建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study uses the survey data on the employment status of undergraduates from the classes of 2022 to 2024 across 34 universities and their parents’ occupational types, employs factor analysis and frequency distribution to systematically investigate the differentiated impact of parental occupational types on the employment quality of university students by gender. The findings show that the overall employment quality of university students has shown a year-on-year upward trend; parental occupational types significantly influence the employment quality of their children, with students from families of professionals and technical personnel performing relatively well, while those from families of farmers and migrant workers exhibiting lower employment quality. The impact of parental occupational types on employment quality varies by gender, though most differences are not significant. Notably, among families of farmers and migrant workers, university male students demonstrate significantly higher employment quality than their female counterparts, whereas in families of corporate management, women hold a slight advantage. Drawing on the theory of human-social capital accumulation and transformation, this study analyzes the mechanisms through which multiple factors—such as parental occupation, gender, individual effort, market demand, and employer preferences—shape employment quality. Furthermore, it proposes strategies to enhance employment quality for university students, particularly female students from resource-disadvantaged families, from four perspectives: expanding opportunities for disadvantaged groups, establishing mechanisms for sharing the costs of childbirth, breaking down gender stereotypes, and building long-term support systems for female students from disadvantaged family backgrounds.更多还原