【摘要】 为解决综掘面现有水喷雾降尘技术润湿性能差、降尘效率低的问题，提出一种表面活性剂协同多层螺旋雾幕的增效降尘方法，并开展协同降尘机理分析与试验研究。选取6种表面活性剂，分别设置7种质量分数，通过表面张力、接触角、煤尘沉降及雾滴粒径等润湿特性试验，优选出最佳表面活性剂；采用自主研发的煤矿巷道智能降尘模拟系统，对比分析不同喷射介质与降尘方式对综掘面粉尘治理效果的影响规律。结果表明：多层螺旋雾幕可形成全空间覆盖与负压控尘，表面活性剂可显著降低溶液表面张力，提升粉尘润湿与捕集能力；综合润湿特性试验结果可得，质量分数为0.05%的CDEA溶液表现出最佳的润湿性能；与传统环形喷雾+质量分数为0.05%的CDEA溶液方案以及多层螺旋雾幕+清水方案相比，采用多层螺旋雾幕+质量分数为0.05%的CDEA溶液方案降尘效果最佳，其回风侧全尘及呼吸性粉尘降尘效率整体提升约12%～20%,全尘最高降尘效率达96.45%,呼吸性粉尘降尘效率最高达90.88%,表面活性剂与多层螺旋雾幕具有显著的协同降尘作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the issues of poor wetting performance of dust particles and low dust suppression efficiency of current water spray dust suppression methods at full-face excavation surfaces, an enhanced dust suppression method combining surfactants with a multi-layer spiral mist curtain was proposed, and the synergistic dust suppression mechanism was analyzed.Experiments on the wetting properties, including surface tension, contact angle, coal dust settlement, and spray droplet size distribution, were conducted with six types of surfactants at seven different concentrations.The optimal surfactant was selected based on these experiments.A self-developed intelligent dust suppression platform for coal mine tunnels was used to analyze the influence of different injection media and dust suppression methods on the dust suppression performance for coking coal dust at the fully mechanized excavation face.The results showed that the synergistic dust suppression effect of the surfactant and multi-layer spiral mist curtain was significant.This was primarily demonstrated through the efficient dust removal achieved by the multi-layer spiral mist curtain, the excellent wetting ability of the surfactant for dust particles, and the positive synergistic effect between the two.Based on the comprehensive wetting property experiments, a 0.05% CDEA solution was found to provide the best overall wetting effect.The multi-layer spiral mist curtain combined with 0.05% CDEA solution significantly improved the dust suppression effect at the full-face excavation surface.Compared to the multi-layer spiral mist curtain combined with clear water and the traditional ring nozzle spray combined with 0.05% CDEA solution, The effectiveness of dust suppression for total dust and respirable dust on the return air side showed an improvement of around 12%-20%.The suppression efficiency for total dust peaked at 96.45%,while that for respirable dust achieved a maximum of 90.88%.更多还原