【摘要】 关键矿产供应链重塑已成为美国民主、共和两党重振制造业、维护国家安全、强化对华战略竞争的重要抓手。然而，关键矿产政策议程同环境、安全、外交等领域的深度互嵌，使得拜登政府与特朗普政府在上述领域政策的差异，直接投射在两者在关键矿产领域，形成截然不同的政策议程、目标指向、合作路径。特朗普政府第二任期开启以来，以构建“能源主导地位”为目标，通过本国、双边、多边政策手段推动美国关键矿产战略重塑。特朗普政府第二任期一系列关键矿产政策重塑将导致全球关键矿产产业链动荡加剧、地缘阵营化加速、技术竞争白热化，但受制于产业基础、开发成本及国际阻力等因素，其政策成效也必将明显受限。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reconfiguration of critical mineral supply chains has emerged as a central policy instrument in the United States’ efforts to revitalize domestic manufacturing,enhance national security,and manage intensifying strategic competition with China. While these objectives command bipartisan support,the governance of critical minerals is deeply embedded in broader policy domains-including environmental regulation,security strategy,and foreign policy-producing distinct policy trajectories under different administrations.This article argues that divergences between the Biden and Trump administrations in these intersecting domains have translated into contrasting policy agendas,strategic priorities,and modes of international cooperation in the critical minerals sector. Since the onset of Trump’s second term,his administration has explicitly framed critical minerals as a foundation of “energy dominance,”advancing a comprehensive policy reorientation through domestic regulatory adjustments as well as bilateral and multilateral initiatives. These policy shifts are likely to exacerbate instability in global critical mineral supply chains,accelerate geopolitical alignment and fragmentation,and intensify technological competition. At the same time,the effectiveness of this reconfiguration is constrained by structural factors,including limitations in the U.S. industrial base,high extraction and processing costs,and resistance from international partners,suggesting that the transformative potential of these policies will remain bounded.更多还原