【摘要】 雄蜂在蜂群中的主要职能是通过与蜂王交配来传递遗传物质，其发育质量和繁殖能力直接影响着蜂群的遗传多样性与群体生产力。然而，相较于工蜂和蜂王，雄蜂的营养需求长期以来未得到充分重视。本文梳理了国内外关于蛋白饲料影响雄蜂发育及寿命等方面的研究进展，探究了雄蜂对蛋白质的需求特性，蛋白饲料对雄蜂生长发育与体型的影响、对精子质量与繁殖性能的影响、对雄蜂寿命与健康的影响以及相关分子机制探索。本研究发现，蛋白质缺乏会导致雄蜂出现发育迟缓、精子质量下降、存活率降低等不良现象，充足的蛋白质供给是保障雄蜂正常发育、提升体型与体重、改善精子质量、延长寿命的关键因素。本文为蜜蜂营养学研究与养蜂生产实践提供了参考，未来将进一步明确雄蜂在各发育阶段的最适蛋白质需求量，并深入揭示蛋白质营养调控雄蜂生长发育的分子机制，以期为雄蜂的良种培育和蛋白饲料的研发提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The primary role of drones in a bee colony is to mate with the queen bee and transmit genetic material. Their developmental quality and reproductive capacity directly influence the genetic diversity and population productivity of the colony. However, compared to worker bees and queen bees, the nutritional requirements of drones have long been insufficiently recognized. This article reviews the effects of protein diet on development and longevity of drones, and probes into the protein requirement characteristics of drones, the effects of protein diet on growth and body shape of drones, sperm quality and reproductive performance, the effects on longevity and health of drones, and the exploration of related molecular mechanisms. This study found that protein deficiency would lead to development retardation, sperm quality decline, survival rate reduction and other adverse phenomena. Adequate protein supply is the key factor to ensure the normal development of drones, improve body shape and weight, improve sperm quality and prolong life. This paper provides a reference for bee nutrition research and beekeeping production practice. In the future, we will further clarify the optimal protein requirements of drones at various developmental stages, and further reveal the molecular mechanisms by which protein nutrition regulates the growth and development of drones, providing theoretical basis for drone breeding and protein feed development.更多还原