【摘要】 镁渣是皮江法炼镁产生的固体废弃物，主要以堆存和填埋的方式处理，随着近年来对镁资源需求的增加，大量镁渣亟待开发利用。镁渣的低活性与不稳定性是限制其资源化的主要因素，本文从镁渣的理化特性和改性方法层面系统分析了急冷、粉磨、化学激发及碳化等改性方法，并重点对镁渣在胶凝材料、新型玻璃、水泥熟料等建筑材料和脱硫剂、多孔陶瓷、陶粒支撑剂、催化剂等功能材料领域应用的优势和局限进行评述。实际应用面临镁渣组分波动大、活性提升有限、成本高等挑战，未来研究需致力于开发低成本高效活化技术、深化多固废协同利用机理及加强长期环境安全性评估，为镁渣的规模化、高值化资源利用提供理论依据与技术路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Magnesium and its alloys have irreplaceable application value and strategic importance in automobile lightweighting, aerospace, electronics, and biomedicine. As the world’s largest producer of primary magnesium, China produced 1.026 million tons of primary magnesium in 2024, accounting for 91.6% of the global total. At present, the dominant magnesium smelting process is still the Pidgeon process. However, the Pidgeon process is associated with severe solid waste issues: 5 to 6 tons of magnesium reduction slag are generated per ton of metallic magnesium produced, and the cumulative stock of magnesium reduction slag has reached tens of millions of tons. Currently, except for a small fraction used in the cement industry, most magnesium slag is disposed of by stockpiling and landfilling, which not only occupies land resources but also causes a series of environmental problems, such as dust pollution and soil compaction, seriously restricting the green and sustainable development of the magnesium industry. Based on the physicochemical properties of magnesium slag, this paper systematically analyzes its modification methods including quenching, grinding, chemical activation, and carbonation. The advantages and limitations of magnesium slag applications in building materials（such as cementitious materials, novel glass, cement clinker） and functional materials（such as desulfurizers, porous ceramics, ceramsite proppants and catalysts） are reviewed. Firstly, based on the hydration and carbonation characteristics of active components in magnesium slag, quenching can effectively inhibit the transformation of β-Ca₂ SiO₄ to γ-Ca₂ SiO₄ and retain highly active crystal phases, although it has high energy consumption. Mechanical grinding can increase lattice defects and specific surface area, with a significantly improved modification effect but high energy consumption. Chemical activation has high efficiency but involves high activator costs and may introduce new components. Carbonation activation can utilize the carbonation reactivity of γ-Ca₂ SiO₄ to achieve carbon dioxide sequestration while preparing highperformance building materials. In view of the above limitations, a multi-technology collaborative modification process can be developed to improve modification efficiency while reducing energy consumption, thereby establishing a low-cost and green modification system. Secondly, for the application of magnesium slag in building materials, although magnesium slag can be used as a cementitious component, mineral admixture, or raw material in cement, mortar, glass, and wall materials, its high magnesium oxide content causes volume expansion during hydration, which threatens the long-term stability of buildings and limits its large-scale utilization. The long-term durability evaluation system for magnesium slag-based building materials should be improved, and their long-term performance（such as carbonation resistance, corrosion resistance, and volume stability） should be strictly monitored to ensure compliance with environmental and safety standards. Finally, in the field of functional materials, the alkaline components and specific elements in magnesium slag show unique application value in desulfurizers, porous ceramics, catalyst supports, and silicon-potassium fertilizers. As an industrial solid waste used for desulfurization, magnesium slag presents obvious economic benefits compared with commercial desulfurizers, but it still suffers from low desulfurization efficiency. Although the preparation of silicon-potassium fertilizer from magnesium slag can effectively improve soil fertility, attention must be paid to the long-term accumulation risk of heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a full-chain environmental safety assessment system covering the soil-crop system to provide a scientific basis for the safe and efficient utilization of magnesium slag.更多还原