【摘要】 氧氯化锆作为锆化工核心产品，其生产过程伴生的放射性及化学污染物具有多介质迁移、高毒性叠加的特征，对生态环境构成系统性威胁。本文针对“一酸一碱”法全流程，通过物质流分析（MFA）与风险熵（ER）模型耦合，构建了“介质-工序-毒性”三维三级分类体系：一级按物理形态划分为气态（HCl、Cl₂及U/Th气溶胶）、液态（含锆/重金属废水、放射性废酸）、固态（硅渣、污泥）污染物；二级关联碱熔分解、水洗转化、酸化结晶、脱水干燥4个关键工序，明确晶格取代、静电吸附等迁移机制；三级基于危害指数（HI）与剂量转换系数量化毒性分级，其中²²⁶Ra风险熵达到34.7,HCl达到12.9，列为一级管控物。通过某50 kt/a企业案例验证，废酸萃取-沉淀耦合回用技术可使U/Th去除率提升至92%，硅渣制备五水偏硅酸钠的Na₂Si₂O₅转化率达到91.3%，联合技术降低环境负荷25%；放射性污泥按低放废物标准（U>0.3 Bq/g）处置，处置成本降低37%。研究首次建立放射性与化学污染物协同分类框架，为锆行业清洁生产标准制定提供多维度科学支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zirconium oxychloride（ZrOCl₂· 8H₂O） is a core product in the zirconium chemical industry and is crucial for ensuring the supply chain in strategic sectors such as the nuclear industry and high-end materials. China accounts for over 70% of the global production, with a high degree of production capacity concentration. However, the production process generates accompanying radioactive nuclides such as U, Th, and ²²⁶Ra, as well as pollutants including HCl/Cl₂, heavy metal waste acid, and radioactive silica slag, forming a "radioactive-chemical toxicity" composite pollution system that poses a systemic threat to the ecological environment. Specific manifestations include the migration of radioactive nuclides through gas-liquid-solid phases, resulting in an annual effective dose of 11 mSv for workers, far exceeding the average level; HCl leakage causes groundwater acidification, and the radioactive activity in soil in the silica slag area is 10 times the natural background. Existing pollution control research has limitations: it focuses on single media, lacks full-process correlation; employs single evaluation indicators, failing to integrate chemical and radioactive risks; and insufficiently quantifies the benefits of resource utilization. This study targets the entire process of the "one-acid-one-alkali" method, combining Material Flow Analysis（MFA） with the Risk Entropy（ER） model to construct a three-level classification system of "mediumprocess-toxicity". Pollutants are categorized into gas, liquid, and solid based on physical form. The system correlates four processes— alkali fusion, water washing, acidification, and drying— revealing mechanisms such as lattice substitution and adsorption. The toxicity levels are classified based on hazard indices and dose factors, with ²²⁶Ra having a risk entropy of 34.7 and HCl 12.9, both classified as Level 1 controlled substances. The case application results demonstrate that waste acid extraction-precipitation technology achieves a U/Th removal rate of 92%, regenerates acid concentration restored to 25%, and acid reuse rate of 80%. The conversion of silica slag to sodium metasilicate pentahydrate achieves a conversion rate of 91.3% and product purity of 98.5%. The combined application of resource utilization technologies reduces the environmental load by 25%, and disposal of radioactive sludge in accordance with low-level radioactive waste standards reduces costs by 37%. This study establishes a collaborative classification framework for radioactive and chemical pollutants, filling the gap in the classification and comprehensive risk assessment of multi-media pollution systems in the zirconium chemical industry. It provides support for the revision of industry standards and the implementation of clean production in enterprises, promoting the transformation of the zirconium industry from scale expansion to high-quality development and ensuring the sustainable utilization of strategic resources.更多还原