【摘要】 创业围绕创业机会识别和开发展开，识别是对机会的探索和发现，是企业新创和转型发展的起点。文章将创业机会识别引入旅游小企业创业研究，选择安徽宏村和广东丹霞山两个旅游小企业集聚地，在其特殊的创业活动背景下，采用扎根理论研究方法，借助MAXQDA 12.0质性分析软件，探究其创业机会识别的影响因素与理论逻辑。研究发现，旅游小企业的创业机会识别包含7大影响因素，且理论逻辑关系表现为：1）创业环境和创业学习是机会识别的主导因素，其中，创业环境发挥着外部刺激作用，创业学习发挥着内部驱动作用；2）社会网络、创业者特质和小企业特征是创业环境和创业学习影响机会识别的辅助因素，三者能够促进信息流通、巩固信息获取和便利信息搜索，从而强化主导因素对机会识别的作用；3）创业警觉性作为联结因素，在主导因素和机会识别中发挥着中间桥梁作用；4）创业机会性质在整个机会识别过程中作为诱导因素起着价值评估作用。进一步研究发现，7大因素既能够单独影响又能够共同影响旅游小企业的创业机会识别，研究结果不仅回应了创业机会来源发现和创造二者融合的观点，拓展了主流创业机会识别理论，也为旅游小企业主识别创业机会实现企业新创和转型提供了实践指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Entrepreneurship revolves around the identification and exploitation of business opportunities,which are the starting point for creating new ventures and transforming existing enterprises. For nearly three decades, mainstream scholars have explored the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities;however, studies on identifying opportunities for small tourism businesses are still in their infancy.Given their heterogeneity, theoretical findings based on entrepreneurial phenomena in general may not be adequately aligned with small tourism businesses’ entrepreneurial practices. Therefore, this paper introduces the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities in studies of small tourism business entrepreneurship. Two geographic clusters of small tourism businesses(i.e., Hongcun village in Anhui province and Mount Danxia in Guangdong province) were selected as the research sites. Primary and secondary data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from August 2021 to December 2022. Against the backdrop of specific entrepreneurial activities in these small tourism business clusters, this study adopts a grounded theory approach using MAXQDA(v. 12.0) software for qualitative analyses and three-level data coding to explore the influencing factors and theoretical logic underlying the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities.This study finds that seven dimensions influence the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities for small tourism businesses: entrepreneurial environment(e.g., market development trends, online marketing technologies, product homogeneity, competition, tourist consumption capacity, institutional environment), entrepreneurial learning(e.g., summarizing entrepreneurial experiences, learning from benchmark enterprises), entrepreneurial alertness(e.g., scanning for changes in market information),entrepreneurial traits(e.g., professional knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurship capability,entrepreneurial passion), social networks(e.g., local identity, acquaintance relationship networks), small business characteristics(e.g., enterprise flexibility, enterprise agglomeration, resource dependence), and the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities(e.g., simple and easy to operate, high expected value).Entrepreneurial environment and learning are the dominant factors in identifying entrepreneurial opportunities, where environment plays an external stimulating role and learning plays an internal driving role. Social networks, entrepreneurial traits, and small business characteristics are auxiliary factors through which the entrepreneurial environment and learning influence the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities. These three auxiliary factors facilitate information flow and search in addition to consolidating information acquisition, thereby reinforcing the effect of the dominant factors on entrepreneurial opportunities. As an intermediary linking factor, entrepreneurial alertness links the dominant factors with entrepreneurial opportunities, which becomes an inducing factor for value assessments throughout the process of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. Further analyses revealed that these seven factors can both independently and jointly influence the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities. The findings provide preliminary support for the integration of opportunity discovery with creation perspectives in small tourism businesses.Based on the theoretical analysis, the following practical implications are offered for small tourism business entrepreneurs:(1) focus on relevant dominant factors to expand the scope of entrepreneurial opportunities;(2) cultivate entrepreneurial alertness to perceive relevant information;(3) build entrepreneurial social networks to facilitate opportunity-related information flow; and(4) strengthen managerial training to highlight entrepreneurial business characteristics. While previous scholars have observed that entrepreneurial opportunities can be categorized into demand-, policy-, and technologydriven types, this study treats these opportunities as an integrated whole without typology. Whether there are corresponding relationships between these diverse types of entrepreneurial opportunities and the influencing factors identified in this study require further detailed investigation.更多还原