【摘要】 科学测度国家公园生态系统健康状况是验证国家公园制度实践成效的有力手段。文章结合国家公园特殊性与模型适用性，从生态活力、服务能力、抗干扰力维度构建生态活力-服务能力-抗干扰力评估模型，以三江源国家公园黄河源园区为案例，评估其生态系统健康演变特征，并刻画非线性响应。1）生态系统健康3个维度均呈南高北低分布，年际波动及峰值年份存在差异；2）黄河源生态系统健康时间上呈螺旋式上升，空间上呈南高北低的特征，与国家公园建设过程及植被覆盖程度密切相关；3）植物净初级生产力、农牧产量等5项因子为核心驱动因子，其影响存在时序与位序差异，且生态系统健康对其非线性响应存在阈值效应。该研究为国家公园生态系统健康测度提供理论与实证支撑，助力生态保护及国家公园体制高质量发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecosystems within national natural parks are characterized by their unique attributes.Consequently, the establishment of a conservation system centered on national natural parks has emerged as a pivotal institutional innovation within China’s ecological civilization strategy. In this context, scientifically quantifying ecosystem health is essential to validating the effectiveness of these institutional practices. However, existing measurement frameworks often lack sufficient adaptability to the unique ecological attributes and complex landscape patterns of these protected areas. To address this limitation, our study develops a vigor-service-resilience(VSR) assessment model. This model comprises three dimensions: Vigor, reflecting the inherent productivity and self-maintenance capacity of ecosystems; service, quantifying the provision of regulating and provisioning services essential for regional sustainability; and resilience, evaluating the ability to withstand natural pressures and anthropogenic interference. To empirically test this model, this study focuses on the Yellow River Source Park of the Three-River-Source National Park, a region critical for water conservation and alpine biodiversity. Within this study region, we systematically assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem health by integrating the VSR model with remote sensing and field survey data. Data analysis results reveal three key findings. First, ecosystem health dimensions within the Yellow River Source Park show spatial similarities but temporal differences. Specifically, vigor, service, and resilience consistently followed a gradient of higher values in the south and lower values in the north,yet their annual fluctuations are asynchronous. Second, the overall ecosystem health of the Yellow River Source Park demonstrated a steady upward trend. Third, NPP, agricultural and pastoral output,climate regulation, flood disaster risk, and soil erosion risk were identified as fundamental drivers.These factors exert heterogeneous impacts across different time periods and spatial zones, while nonlinear responses of ecosystem health show clear threshold effects. These findings provide both theoretical and practical insights for the conservation and management of natural parks. Theoretically,we enrich the theoretical framework for national park assessment by validating the applicability of the VSR model in high-altitude environments and by explicitly incorporating extrinsic indicators related to human well-being—elements that have been largely neglected in previous research. In a practical way,future practices in China’s national park system and ecosystem management should prioritize the scientific assessment and routine monitoring of ecosystem health, implement targeted and differentiated management strategies, and strengthen cross-departmental and cross-regional coordination mechanisms.Despite these insights, several issues warrant further investigation. First of all, the applicability of the national park ecosystem health assessment model developed in this study to other regions and different types of national parks remains to be further tested and extended. Also, there is an urgent need for fieldbased sample investigations focusing on key ecosystem components, such as water, soil, atmosphere,and biota, within national parks, to further enhance the robustness and reliability of the ecosystem health assessment model. Finally, ecosystem products of national parks represent a critical pathway through which ecosystem health is maintained and realized. Future research should therefore focus on exploring the interactive relationships between national park ecosystem products and ecosystem health,which constitutes an important direction for subsequent studies.更多还原