【摘要】 设施栽培可精准调控果树生长环境，实现果品错季上市、延长供应期，同时提升产量品质、抵御自然灾害，是保障果品供需平衡、助推乡村振兴的核心产业。当前产业面临劳动力短缺、传统作业效率低、专用装备适配性差等问题，亟须推进宜机化农艺与智能装备的深度融合。系统综述设施果树宜机化农艺设计、智能装备研发、农艺装备协同应用的研究进展，重点剖析树形优化、环境调控、农业机器人等关键技术，指出产业发展面临的技术、农艺、经济挑战，并提出未来发展方向，为设施果树全程智能化、可持续转型提供理论参考与技术路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Protected cultivation enables precise regulation of the growth environment for fruit trees, realizing off-season marketing of fruits and extending the supply period. It also improves fruit yield and quality, resists natural disasters, and serves as a core industry for ensuring the balance of fruit supply and demand and boosting rural revitalization. At present, the industry is confronted with problems such as labor shortage, low efficiency of traditional operations and poor adaptability of special equipment. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the in-depth integration of mechanization-friendly agronomy and intelligent equipment. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in mechanization-friendly agronomic design, intelligent equipment development and collaborative application of agronomy and equipment for protected fruit trees. It focuses on analyzing key technologies including tree structure optimization, environmental control and agricultural robots, points out the technical, agronomic and economic challenges in industrial development, and proposes future development directions, so as to provide theoretical references and technical paths for the full-process intelligent and sustainable transformation of protected fruit tree production.更多还原