【摘要】 为探索高寒高海拔地区露天矿爆破技术的发展现状与改进方向，系统梳理了该类地区爆破作业面临的工程难点、冻结岩土力学特性研究进展及工艺优化措施。基于国内外学者对冻融循环条件下岩土静态动力学特性的研究成果，分析了冻结岩土强度劣化模型、本构关系及损伤演化规律，阐明了冻结岩土在爆破荷载作用下的破坏机理。同时，介绍了深孔药壶爆破、复式微差爆破、不耦合介质装药等工艺改进方案及现场混装炸药技术、无人机智能监测技术等现代技术的应用效果。结果表明：低温低压环境显著影响炸药爆轰性能、钻孔装药设备效率及冻结岩土力学响应特征，海拔每升高1 000 m，冲击波峰值超压和比冲量分别下降约3.9%和3.2%。研究指出，未来应深化多场耦合条件下冻结岩土原位力学特性及爆破破坏规律研究，加快研发适应高海拔环境的自动化装药装备，以实现矿山安全、绿色、高效开采。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the development status and improvement direction of blasting technology in open-pit mines of highcold and high-altitude areas, this article systematically sorts out the engineering difficulties faced by blasting operations in such areas, the research progress of mechanical properties of frozen rock and soil, and process optimization measures. Based on the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of rock and soil under freezethaw cycle conditions, the article analyzes strength degradation model, constitutive relationship and damage evolution law of frozen rock and soil, and clarifies the failure mechanism of frozen rock and soil under blasting load. At the same time, the article introduces process improvement schemes such as deep hole cartridge blasting, compound millisecond blasting, uncoupled medium charging, and the application effects of modern technologies such as on-site mixed explosive technology and UAV intelligent monitoring. The results show that the low temperature and low pressure environment significantly affects the detonation performance of explosives, the efficiency of borehole charging equipment and the mechanical response characteristics of frozen rock and soil. For every 1 000 m increase in altitude, the peak overpressure and specific impulse of shock wave decrease by about 3.9 % and 3.2 %,respectively. The study points out that in the future, the research on the in-situ mechanical properties and blasting failure law of frozen rock and soil under multi-field coupling conditions should be deepened, and the research and development of automatic charging equipment suitable for high altitude environment should be accelerated to achieve safe, green and efficient mining of mines.更多还原