【摘要】 随着我国农业现代化进程的加快，化肥和农药使用量的增加导致农业面源污染成为影响流域水质安全的主要因素之一。本研究系统分析了农业面源污染的现状、主要治理技术、小微湿地退化现象及管理困境。研究指出，现有控制措施普遍存在布局分散、系统性不足等问题，而小微湿地因面积小、分布零散，在高标准农田建设中被大量削减，造成生态功能丧失。本文提出以“小微湿地群”为核心的流域污染控制策略，通过景观生态学与流域水文过程相结合的空间优化布局，构建“缓冲湿地-核心湿地”双层结构，实现污染物的梯度削减与生态系统连通性恢复。该研究为我国农业流域生态空间规划及水质改善提供了理论依据与实践路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid advancement of agricultural modernization in China, the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides has made agricultural non-point source(NPS) pollution one of the major factors affecting watershed water quality safety. This study systematically analyzes the current situation of agricultural NPS pollution, main control technologies, degradation phenomena of small and micro wetlands, and management dilemmas. The findings indicate that current measures generally have problems such as scattered layout and insufficient systematicity, while small and micro wetlands, due to their small area and scattered distribution, have been greatly reduced during high-standard farmland construction, leading to the loss of ecological functions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a watershed-scale pollution control strategy centered on “small-micro wetland groups.” By combining landscape ecology with water hydrological processes for spatial optimization layout, the study constructs a two-tier structure of “buffer wetlands-core wetlands” to achieve gradient pollutant reduction and restoration of ecosystem connectivity. This study provides theoretical basis and practical pathways for ecological spatial planning and water quality improvement in China’s agricultural watersheds.更多还原