【摘要】 为优化新能源汽车滚装船的消防安全设计及舱室布局、平衡运输安全性与装载效率，采用CFD方法，构建滚装船单层舱室及新能源汽车的数值模型，模拟分析不同车辆间距下锂电池热失控时的燃爆扩散行为，引入热危险性参数即邻近车辆车轮最大温度T_wm与结构危险性参数即车门车窗最大超压P_cm对邻车的引燃危险情况进行表征，提出1种用隔爆板隔离汽车燃爆的防护方法，并探究隔爆板的防护效果。研究结果表明：车辆间距小于1.5 m时，高温与超压的协同作用显著提升邻车引燃概率；间距大于等于1.5 m虽能降低风险，但会大幅降低滚装船的装载密度。隔爆板可通过“初始隔断-能量耗散-持续防护”机制，有效阻隔热传播与削弱冲击波，使邻车峰值温度从800℃以上降至300℃以下，直接受冲击车辆超压降低75%，将安全间距压缩0.6m左右，在保障安全性的同时显著提升装载效率。研究结果可为新能源汽车滚装船的消防安全设计及舱室布局优化提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to optimize the fire safety design and compartment layout of NEV(new energy vehicle) Ro-Ro ships and strike a balance between transport safety and loading efficiency,the CFD(computational fluid dynamics) method is used to construct a numerical model of the single-storey cabin of the Ro-Ro ship and the new energy vehicle.Simulate and analyze the explosion propagation behavior of lithium battery under thermal runaway under different vehicle spacing,and introduce the thermal hazard parameter Twm and the structural hazard parameter Pcm to characterize the ignition hazard of adjacent vehicles.A protective method of using explosion-proof plates to isolate the explosion of automobiles is proposed,and its protective effect is investigated.The results show that when the distance between vehicles is less than 1.5 m,the synergistic effect of high temperature and overpressure significantly increases the ignition probability of adjacent vehicles.Spacing greater than 1.5 m reduces the risk,but it significantly reduces the loading density of Ro-Ro ships.The explosion-proof plate can effectively block heat propagation and weaken the shock wave through the mechanism of “initial partition-energy dissipation-continuous protection”,so that the peak temperature of adjacent vehicles can be reduced from more than 800 ℃ to less than300 ℃.The overpressure of directly impacted vehicles can be reduced by 75%,and the safety spacing can be compressed by about 0.6 m,which significantly improves the loading efficiency while ensuring safety.This study provides a reference for the fire safety design and cabin layout optimization of new energy vehicle Ro-Ro ships.更多还原