【摘要】 目的：优化乌头茎叶中总生物碱的提取与纯化工艺条件。方法：以总生物碱提取率为评价指标，采用单因素实验考察盐酸浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数对乌头茎叶总生物碱的影响，并根据单因素结果，采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验法优选出乌头茎叶总生物碱的最佳提取工艺。通过阳离子交换树脂，分别以生物碱的吸附率和解吸率为指标，富集纯化总生物碱，优选最佳纯化工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为盐酸浓度0.1 mol·L^-1、料液比1∶20、提取温度70℃、提取时间3 h、提取2次，乌头茎叶总生物碱的平均提取率为0.78%；最佳纯化工艺为选取001×12型阳离子交换树脂，上样液浓度为每l mL含原药材0.3 g、pH值=3，上样量0.5柱体积（BV）,3 BV超纯水除杂，然后用4 BV的3 mol·L^-1氨水-95%乙醇洗脱。结论：本实验优选出的提取纯化工艺稳定可靠，为后续乌头茎叶研究开发奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: The aim of this experiment was to optimize the extraction and purification process conditions of total alkaloids from the stem leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.. Methods: The effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, material-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and number of extractions on the extraction process of total alkaloids from the stem leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. were investigated by using a one-way experiment with the extraction rate of total alkaloids as the evaluation index. Based on the one-way results, the optimal extraction process of total alkaloids from the stem and leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. was optimized using the L₉（3⁴） orthogonal test method. After this, the total alkaloids were purified by enrichment using cation exchange lipids. The adsorption and desorption rates of alkaloids were used as indicators to find the optimal purification process, respectively. Results: The best extraction process could be determined as hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.1 mol·L^-1, material-liquid ratio of 1:20, extraction temperature of 70 ℃, extraction time of 3 h, and the number of extraction times of two. Under these conditions, the average extraction rate of total alkaloids from the stem and leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. was 0.78%. The best purification process was to select 001×12 type cation exchange resin. The concentration of the sample solution was 0.3 g of the original herb per 1 mL and its pH was 3. The volume of the sample was 0.5 BV, and 3 BV of ultrapure water was used to remove the impurities, and then the sample was eluted with 4 BV of 3 mol·L^-1 ammonia-95% ethanol. Conclusion: The extraction and purification process preferred in this experiment is stable and reliable, and lays the foundation for the subsequent research and development of this herb.更多还原