【摘要】 淋巴结肿大作为儿科最常见的临床体征之一，其病因谱广，鉴别诊断极具挑战性。《儿童淋巴结肿大临床诊治专家共识（2026）》的发布引起我国儿科医师的广泛讨论。本述评旨在对共识中的核心内容进行深度解读与拓展，聚焦临床实践中的难点问题，并就部分未竟的内容展开进一步论述。文章将深入探讨淋巴结肿大定义、影像学检查的精细化解读、“潜在诊断线索”的应用、恶性肿瘤“报警信号”的识别、感染性淋巴结肿大病原谱的变迁与诊治策略等。本文旨在帮助临床医师更好地理解和应用共识，提升儿童淋巴结肿大的诊疗水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lymphadenopathy, one of the most common clinical signs in pediatrics, encompasses a broad etiological spectrum, posing significant challenges in differential diagnosis. The release of the Expert consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lymphadenopathy in children(2026) has sparked extensive discussion among pediatricians across China. This review aims to provide an in-depth interpretation and expansion of the core content of the consensus, focus on the difficult issues in clinical practice, and further discuss some unfinished contents. The article will thoroughly explore the definition of lymphadenopathy, refined interpretation of imaging examinations, application of "potential diagnostic clues", recognition of "alarm signals" for malignancies, and the evolving pathogen spectrum of infectious lymphadenopathy along with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This paper seeks to assist clinicians in better understanding and applying the consensus, thereby enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic standards for pediatric lymphadenopathy.更多还原