【摘要】 针对高寒露天金属矿高台阶深孔爆破存在破岩不均匀、大块率高的问题，提出了一种露天矿压水填塞增效爆破技术。利用数值模拟方法，研究了细沙填塞与压水填塞两种工况下，炸药爆炸后岩体内等效应力与损伤的时空变化规律，分析了压水填塞增效爆破机制，并在西藏巨龙铜矿开展了爆破漏斗试验，以验证数值模拟结果的准确性。结果表明：传统细沙填塞爆破时，爆破等效应力向上传播速度慢且不均匀，导致爆破能量主要聚集在炮孔底部，对上部岩体破碎程度不足。压水填塞爆破时，由于水的不可压缩性及对爆炸应力的良好传播性能，爆破应力在水柱中快速、均匀传播至炮孔中上部，可实现上下部岩体的均匀破碎。与细沙填塞爆破相比，上侧压水填塞爆破漏斗表面最大长度、漏斗深度与漏斗体积分别增加了13.33%、12.07%、90.88%。研究结果可为高寒露天金属矿高效爆破采矿提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the prevalent issues of uneven rock fragmentation and high boulder rate in high-bench deep-hole blasting within high-altitude cold open-pit metal mines, an enhanced blasting technology utilizing water stemming for open-pit mines was proposed. A numerical simulation method was employed to investigate the spatiotemporal variation patterns of effective stress and damage within the rock mass after explosive detonation under two working conditions: fine sand stemming and water stemming. The mechanism of water stemming enhanced blasting was analyzed. Furthermore, blasting crater tests were conducted at the Xizang Julong Copper Mine to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results. The results indicate that during conventional blasting with fine sand stemming, the equivalent stress propagates upward slowly and unevenly, causing most of the blasting energy to concentrate at the bottom of the borehole, resulting in insufficient fragmentation of the upper rock mass. In contrast, during water stemming blasting, due to the incompressibility of water and its excellent stress transmission properties, the blasting stress propagates rapidly and uniformly through the water column to the middle and upper parts of the borehole, leading to effective fragmentation of both the upper and lower rock masses. Compared with fine sand stemming blasting, the upper water stemming blasting increases the maximum surface length, depth, and volume of the blasting crater by 13.33%, 12.07%, and 90.88%, respectively. The research results can provide a reference for efficient blasting and mining in high-altitude cold open-pit metal mines.更多还原