【摘要】 为探究齐大山铁矿周边土壤重金属污染特征及其空间分布规律，以露天采场、排土场、尾矿库三类单一污染源及其共同作用的多污染源区域为研究对象，通过系统布点采集土壤样品，测定Ni、Cr、Zn、Cu四种重金属的含量及土壤理化性质，结合反距离权重插值法构建空间分布模型，并采用相关性分析，展开了单一污染源和多污染源相互作用条件下土壤污染物迁移规律的研究。结果表明：4种重金属的含量普遍超过辽宁省背景值，其中Ni污染最为突出；水平方向上，单一污染源周边土壤重金属含量随距离的增大而降低，而多污染源复合区呈现中心高的分布特征；垂直分布上，重金属整体表现为表层富集，但在部分区域受雨水淋溶与土壤吸附作用影响，出现“表层低–中层高–深层低”的分布现象。相关性分析表明，重金属空间分布受污染源类型、距离及土壤pH、有机质含量、阳离子交换量等理化性质的共同影响。研究可为矿区土壤污染防控与生态修复提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution and its spatial distribution patterns in the soil around the Qidashan iron mine, three types of single pollution sources(open-pit mine, waste rock dump, and tailings pond) and their multi-pollution source areas were selected as the study objects. Soil samples were systematically collected, and the concentrations of four heavy metals(Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu) and physical and chemical properties of soil were measured. A spatial distribution model was constructed by using the inverse distance weighting interpolation method, and correlation analysis was conducted to explore the migration patterns of soil pollutants under both single and multi-pollution source conditions. The results show that the concentrations of all four heavy metals generally exceed the background values of Liaoning Province, among them, Ni pollution is the most prominent. Horizontally, the heavy metal contents in the soil around single pollution sources decrease with increasing distance, while the multi-pollution source composite area exhibits a center-high distribution pattern. Vertically, heavy metals show overall enrichment in the surface layer, but in some areas, influenced by rainfall leaching and soil adsorption, a “low at surface layer-high at middle layer-low at deep layer” distribution phenomenon has been observed. Correlation analysis indicates that the spatial distribution of heavy metals is jointly influenced by pollution source types, distance, and physical and chemical properties of soil such as pH, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity. This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, and ecological remediation of soil pollution in mining areas.更多还原