【摘要】 采动作用会诱导煤层上覆岩体产生变形、移动与垮落，进而对覆岩结构、地表形态和地质环境等产生重要影响，严重威胁矿井安全生产与矿区生态环境保护，因此，覆岩变形破坏时空演化机理研究是矿山地质工程中的关键问题之一。随着信息技术和数值计算方法的不断发展，数值模拟逐渐成为覆岩变形破坏规律研究的重要手段。从覆岩变形的基本概念、影响因素以及常规研究方法出发，对煤层开采覆岩变形理论方法进行系统性阐述，在此基础上对覆岩变形破坏研究的主要方法进行概述性分析；总结了当前覆岩变形研究中的主流数值模拟方法，通过对比和分析不同数值模拟方法的优缺点及其适用性，探讨了各类数值模拟方法在覆岩变形预测和时空演化机理分析中的潜力与局限性；阐述了数值模拟在覆岩变形研究中的应用现状，并提出了通过加强模型验证、优化参数设置、提高模拟精度等改进措施，进一步提高模型简化、参数设置和边界条件处理的准确度，最大限度降低数值模拟误差率，从而为煤矿实际开采中覆岩变形的精准预测与有效控制提供重要的评价依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deformation, movement, and collapse of the overlying rock strata in coal seams are induced by mining activities, which exert significant impacts on the overburden structure, surface morphology, and geological environment, thereby posing serious threats to mine safety production and the ecological environment of mining areas. Consequently, investigating the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of overburden deformation and failure is regarded as one of the key issues in mining geological engineering. With the continuous advancement of information technology and numerical computation methods, numerical simulation has been increasingly adopted as an essential tool for studying the patterns of overburden deformation and failure. Beginning with the basic concepts, influencing factors, and conventional research approaches related to overburden deformation, a systematic exposition of theoretical methodologies for strata deformation induced by coal mining was presented. Following this, an overview analysis of the primary research methods for overburden deformation and failure was conducted. The mainstream numerical simulation approaches currently utilized in overburden deformation research were summarized. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different numerical simulation methods were compared and analyzed, and the potential and limitations of these approaches in predicting overburden deformation and elucidating its spatiotemporal evolution mechanisms were explored. The current application status of numerical simulation in overburden deformation studies was described, and it is suggested that improvements in model validation, parameter optimization, and simulation accuracy be implemented to enhance the precision of model simplification, parameter assignment, and boundary condition treatment. These measures are intended to minimize numerical simulation errors, thereby providing a critical evaluative basis for the accurate prediction and effective control of overburden deformation during actual coal mining operations.更多还原