【摘要】 为明确红壤旱地绿肥单独及联合还田的腐解特征及养分释放规律，选取十字花科绿肥肥田萝卜(Raphanus sativus)和豆科绿肥毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa),在江西典型红壤旱地开展了一项为期112 d的田间腐解试验。试验设置肥田萝卜单独还田、毛叶苕子单独还田及两者联合还田三种处理，采用埋袋法监测绿肥的腐解特征及关键养分元素的释放模式。结果表明，绿肥腐解具有明显的阶段性特征，具体表现为前期快速腐解、后期缓释降解。0～28 d为快速腐解期，毛叶苕子累积腐解率(73.96%)显著高于肥田萝卜(63.51%)和联合处理(68.63%);至112 d时，肥田萝卜累积腐解率(94.11%)反超毛叶苕子(90.72%),联合处理(92.47%)介于两者之间。养分释放规律因绿肥种类而异，毛叶苕子氮、磷、钾释放速率较快，28 d累积释放量超90%,显著高于肥田萝卜；而肥田萝卜28 d钙、镁释放率(94.88%、93.39%)显著高于毛叶苕子(90.04%、88.05%)。绿肥还田后75%以上的养分在28 d内释放，对后期作物养分供应有限。联合还田通过调控养分释放时序，能延缓毛叶苕子氮、磷、钾的快速释放，并弥补中量元素的不足。因此，实际生产中应充分利用肥田萝卜与毛叶苕子联合还田的互补特性，提升红壤旱地培肥效果及后茬作物养分需求匹配度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of cover crops applied individually or jointly in red soil uplands. A 112-day field decomposition experiment was conducted in a typical red soil upland in Jiangxi Province, China, which focused on two cover crop species: Raphanus sativus(Brassicaceae) and Vicia villosa(Leguminosae). Three treatments were tested: Raphanus sativus alone, Vicia villosa alone, and their combination. Decomposition and nutrient element release were monitored using the nylon mesh bag method during the peanut growth period. The results show these as follows. Cover crop decomposition shows a “fast-slow” two-phase pattern. During the rapid decomposition phase(0～28 d), Vicia villosa exhibits the highest cumulative decomposition rate(73.96%), significantly surpassing Raphanus sativus(63.51%) and the combination treatment(68.63%). By 112 d, Raphanus sativus achieves the highest decomposition rate(94.11%), exceeding Vicia villosa(90.72%), with the combination treatment showing intermediate results(92.47%). Nutrient release varies by species: Vicia villosa releases nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium more quickly, with cumulative rates exceeding 90% at 28 d, significantly higher than Raphanus sativus. In contrast, Raphanus sativus shows higher calcium and magnesium release(94.88% and 93.39% at 28 d, respectively) compared to Vicia villosa(90.04% and 88.05%). Over 75% of the nutrients are released within 28 d, with limited supply thereafter. The combined application of Raphanus sativus and Vicia villosa moderates the rapid nutrient release from Vicia villosa while compensating for deficiencies in secondary nutrients(calcium, magnesium). These findings highlight that the co-application of Raphanus sativus and Vicia villosa optimizes nutrient release timing, enhances soil fertility, and improves synchronization with crop demand. The result provides a theoretical framework for the optimal use of cover crop resources in the red soil hilly region of South China, with practical implications for improving soil health and agricultural productivity.更多还原