【摘要】 煤炭已成为保障中国能源安全的“压舱石”。西部矿区蕴含有丰富的煤炭资源，浅埋煤层开采诱发的地表损害具有特殊性。沟谷区浅埋煤层开采地表损害特征及规律研究是助力浅埋煤层工作面安全智能开采的关键一环。以陕北张家峁煤矿14210工作面为工程背景，综合运用数值模拟与相似材料模拟方法，探究了沟谷区域浅埋煤层开采地表损害特征及规律。采用Rhino^3D和FLAC^3D软件相结合的方法进行数值模拟，相似材料模拟则利用VIC-3D光学非接触应变测量系统进行模型变形监测。分析了浅埋煤层开采对沟谷区域地表损害影响范围，并得出地表损害特征及应变规律。结果表明：浅埋煤层开采引起沟谷区坡面形成剪切应力集中，且越接近坡顶剪切应力集中程度越明显；相似材料模拟实验得出沟谷区地表损害特征为坡面台阶状地裂缝、沟底闭合或隆起状地裂缝，其垂直应变区主要集中在沟底及接近沟底的坡面上，水平应变区主要集中在坡面两侧，地表垂直应变值随工作面的推进呈“增大-减小-稳定不变”的动态变化规律，而地表水平应变值在不同地貌条件下呈现出不同的动态变化规律。研究成果为沟谷区浅埋煤层开采地表损害规律及预测提供了新思路和新方法，对沟谷区浅埋煤层开采过程中地表损害的预测与防治具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal is regarded as the cornerstone for safeguarding China’s energy security. Abundant coal resources are found in the western mining regions, where surface damage induced by shallow coal seam mining exhibits unique characteristics. Research on the characteristics and patterns of surface damage caused by mining in gully topography areas is considered a critical component for enabling the safe and intelligent extraction of shallow coal seam working faces. Taking the 14210 working face of Zhangjiamao coal mine in northern Shaanxi as the engineering case study, numerical simulation and similar material simulation methods were comprehensively employed to investigate the characteristics and patterns of surface damage induced by shallow coal seam mining in valley areas. Numerical simulation was performed using a combined approach with Rhino^3D and FLAC^3D software. Similar material simulation utilized the VIC-3D optical non-contact strain measurement system for model deformation monitoring. The influence range of shallow coal seam mining on surface damage in the valley area was analyzed, and the characteristics of surface damage along with strain patterns were obtained. The results reveal that mining activities induce concentrated shear stress on the valley slopes, with the concentration becoming more pronounced closer to the slope crest. Similar material simulation experiments demonstrate that the characteristic surface damage manifestations in the valley area include step-shaped ground fissures on slopes and closed or uplifted fissures at the valley bottom. The vertical strain zone is primarily concentrated at the valley bottom and on the slopes near the bottom, while the horizontal strain zone is mainly distributed on both sides of the slopes. The vertical surface strain exhibits a dynamic variation pattern characterized by “increase-decrease-stabilization” with the advance of the working face. In contrast, the horizontal surface strain displays different dynamic variation patterns under diverse topographic conditions. The research results provide new insights and methodologies for understanding and predicting surface damage patterns during shallow coal seam mining in valley areas. The findings offer valuable references for predicting and mitigating surface damage during mining operations in such topographies.更多还原