【摘要】 塔里木盆地深层—超深层碳酸盐岩岩溶储层具有强烈的非均质性，受多期次构造运动抬升和岩溶作用改造，不同区域岩溶储层特征差异性显著，严重制约区域油气勘探和靶区优选。以塔河油田北部强剥蚀区中—下奥陶统鹰山组为研究对象，基于岩心、岩石薄片和钻/测井等资料，开展岩溶储集空间刻画和岩溶地貌区带内储层发育特征研究，明确鹰山组岩溶储层主控因素和分布规律，建立分区带优质储层发育地质模式。结果表明：（1）鹰山组岩溶储集空间划分为溶洞、裂缝和溶孔3个大类8个亚类，基于储集空间类型和规模的匹配关系，将鹰山组分为孔洞型、裂缝型、缝洞型和溶洞型4种储层类型。（2）岩溶地貌单元内不同岩性组合发育的储层在平面和垂向上呈现分异性。岩溶平原区中层白云质灰岩夹薄层灰质白云岩（F型）岩性组合内发育缝洞型和溶洞型储层、中层泥—粉晶白云岩夹中层泥晶灰岩（G型）岩性组合内发育裂缝型储层。溶丘洼地区中薄层亮晶砂屑灰岩或白云质灰岩夹中薄层泥晶灰岩（B型）和中层泥晶砂屑灰岩或亮晶砂屑灰岩（C型）岩性组合内发育溶洞型和缝洞型储层。在深峰丛洼地和浅峰丛洼地区，鹰三段B型和C型岩性组合内发育缝洞型储层；鹰二段C型和F型岩性组合内发育缝洞型和溶洞型储层。（3）岩溶储层的形成受控于岩性组合、断裂活动、古地貌和古水系等多因素协同作用。岩性组合是岩溶储集空间形成的物质基础；峰丛洼地和溶丘洼地区岩溶强烈，岩溶平原区相对较弱；断裂活动促进围岩裂缝发育，进而调控岩溶作用的强度与范围；水系集中于排泄中心，其汇聚程度影响缝洞的延伸规模与后期充填程度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The deep to ultra-deep carbonate karst reservoirs in Tarim Basin are characterized by strong heterogeneity. Affected by multi-stage tectonic uplift and karstification, there are significant differences in karst reservoirs in different regions, which severely restrict oil and gas exploration progress and regional target area selection. With the Lower-Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the intensely denuded area of the northern Tahe Oilfield as an example, and based on cores, thin sections, and drilling/logging data in the study area, the karst reservoir space has been characterized, and reservoir development characteristics in the karst geomorphic zones have been analyzed, identifying the distribution patterns and controlling factors of karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation, and establishing geological model for high-quality reservoir development in various zones. The results indicate that:(1) The karst reservoir space is classified into three major categories(karst caves, fractures, and dissolution vugs) and eight subcategories. Based on the matching relationship between the type and scale of reservoir space, Yingshan Formation reservoirs are divided into four types, including dissolution vuggy type, fractured type, fractured-cavity type and karst cavity type.(2) Reservoirs with various lithological associations in karst geomorphic units show distinct lateral and vertical differentiation. In the karst plain area, fractured-cavity and karst cavity type reservoirs were developed in the lithological association of medium-thick dolomitic limestone intercalated with thin limy dolomite(Type F), and fractured type reservoirs were developed in the lithological association of medium-thick micritic-crystalline dolomite intercalated with medium-thick micrite limestone(Type G). In the karst mound-depression area, karst cavity and fractured-cavity type reservoirs were developed in two lithological associations, namely mediumthin sparry intraclastic limestone or dolomitic limestone intercalated with medium-thin micritic limestone(Type B) and medium-thick micritic intraclastic limestone or sparry intraclastic limestone(Type C). In the deep and shallow peak-cluster depression areas, the fracturedcavity type reservoirs were developed in Type B and C lithological associations in the third member of Yingshan Formation, while the fractured-cavity and karst cavity type reservoirs were developed in Type C and Type F lithological associations in the second member of Yingshan Formation.(3) The formation of karst reservoirs was controlled by the synergistic effect of multiple factors, including lithological associations, fault activities, paleogeomorphology, and paleo hydrological systems. The lithological association served as the material basis for the formation of karst reservoir space. Karstification was intense in the peak-cluster depression and karst mound-depression areas but relatively weak in karst plain areas. Fault activities facilitated the development of fractures in the surrounding rocks and controlled the intensity and scope of karstification. The paleo hydrological systems converged at discharge centers, and their convergence degree exerted the extension scale and late-stage filling degree of fractures and caves.更多还原