【摘要】 安山煤矿浅埋近距离煤层(2^-2煤和3^-1煤)开采中，下煤层开采扰动导致上部采空区覆岩结构活化，易引发矿压灾害，沟谷地貌下更为显著。研究采用现场调研、理论分析、相似模拟和数值模拟方法，得出以下结论：基于关键层理论构建悬臂梁力学模型，分析得出沟谷地段下的来压步距，提出双关键层同步破断时支架阻力计算方法。相似模拟显示，逆坡开采时覆岩双结构易发生“同步位移”引发动载矿压；声波CT监测表明关键层断裂重合处岩层垂直切落可导致地表剧烈下沉。UDEC模拟证实坡角越大越易引发双结构同步位移，逆坡开采时岩层载荷集中作用于支架，造成台阶式地表下沉和动载矿压。研究揭示了沟谷地貌下覆岩结构演化与矿压联动机制，为灾害防控提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the mining of shallow-buried close-distance coal seams(2^-2 coal and 3^-1 coal) in Anshan Coal Mine, the disturbance caused by the mining of lower coal seams leads to the activation of the overburden structure in the upper goaf, which is likely to trigger mine pressure disasters, especially under gully landforms. This research was conducted by means of on-site investigation, theoretical analysis, similar simulation, and numerical simulation, and the following conclusions were drawn. Based on the theory of key strata, the mechanical model of the cantilever beam was constructed, and the step distance of weighting under the gully landform was analyzed. On this basis, the method for calculating support resistance during the synchronous fracturing of double key strata was proposed. Similar simulations show that during mining against dip, the double overburden structures are prone to “synchronous displacement”, which triggers the dynamic mine pressure manifestation. Acoustic wave CT monitoring indicates that the vertical cutting of rock strata at the coincidence of key strata fracturing can induce severe surface subsidence. UDEC simulation confirms that a larger slope angle is more likely to cause synchronous displacement of the double overburden structure. When mining against dip, the concentrated rock load acts directly on the supports, resulting in stepped surface subsidence and dynamic mine pressure manifestation. The research reveals the interaction mechanism between overburden structure evolution and mine pressure manifestation in the gully landform, providing a theoretical basis for disaster prevention and control.更多还原