【摘要】 在乡村振兴战略全面推进以及高校毕业生就业压力持续增大的背景下，引导大学生投身现代农业创业具有重要现实意义。机会识别是创业过程的逻辑起点，但大学生在农业领域的创业机会识别能力普遍偏弱。在系统梳理创业机会识别理论的基础上，引入知识溢出理论与社会资本理论，深入剖析大学生农业创业机会识别能力偏弱的结构性原因，即显性知识与隐性知识的“二元割裂”以及社会网络的“同质化”与“弱关系”缺失。通过对比分析技术驱动型与问题驱动型两类成功案例以及“技术理想主义”“盲目跟风”两类失败案例，揭示机会识别的关键节点与典型障碍。在此基础上，构建“机会来源—识别方法—个体能力—外部支持”四维整合分析框架，将机会识别视为动态闭环的系统过程，并提出高校、政府、社会与个人协同推进的对策建议，为大学生识别农业创业机会提供系统的理论工具与实践路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the backdrop of the comprehensive advancement of the rural revitalization strategy and the continuous increase in employment pressure on college graduates, guiding college students to engage in modern agricultural entrepreneurship holds significant practical significance. Opportunity identification is the logical starting point of the entrepreneurial process, but college students’ ability to identify opportunities in the agricultural field is generally weak. Based on a systematic review of the theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification, the knowledge spillover theory and the social capital theory are introduced to deeply analyze the structural reasons for the relatively weak ability of college students to identify agricultural entrepreneurial opportunities, namely the "binary separation" of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, as well as the "homogenization" and the lack of "weak relationships" in social networks. By comparing and analyzing two types of successful cases, namely technology-driven and problem-driven, as well as two types of failed cases, namely "technological idealism" and "blind following", the key nodes and typical obstacles in opportunity identification are revealed. On this basis, a four-dimensional integrated analysis framework of "opportunity sources-identification methods-individual capabilities-external support" was constructed. Opportunity identification was regarded as a dynamic closed-loop systematic process, and countermeasures and suggestions for the collaborative advancement of universities, the government, society and individuals were proposed, providing systematic theoretical tools and practical paths for college students to identify agricultural entrepreneurship opportunities.更多还原