【摘要】 人工智能是促进农业新质生产力发生质态跃迁的重要驱动力。基于2012-2022年中国省级面板数据，构建新质生产力和人工智能的综合评价指标体系，并运用双向固定效应模型、工具变量法、中介与调节效应模型展开实证检验，系统剖析人工智能对农业劳动者、劳动资料及劳动对象的影响机制。结果表明：人工智能能够显著促进农业新质生产力的提升，且该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验及克服内生性后依然成立。机制检验表明，农业技术创新是人工智能赋能农业新质生产力的关键中介路径，且研发强度在这一过程中发挥了显著的正向调节作用，即高强度研发投入能够有效克服技术适配初期的排异效应，放大赋能功效。且赋能效应存在显著的区域与经济异质性，积极影响主要集中于东部地区、经济发达地区及数字基础设施较完善的地区，而中西部地区、经济欠发达地区及数字基础设施较薄弱的地区，受限于技术吸收瓶颈及要素虹吸效应，效应尚不显著。研究结论为因地制宜制定农业数字化转型政策、破解区域农业发展不平衡问题提供了理论支撑与决策参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial intelligence serves as a critical engine driving the qualitative leap of agricultural new quality productivity. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2012 to 2022, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for new quality productivity forces and artificial intelligence. It employs a two-way fixed effects model, instrumental variable method, and mediation and moderation effect model for empirical testing, systematically analyzing the impact mechanism of artificial intelligence on agricultural laborers, labor resources, and labor objects. The findings indicate that: AI significantly promotes the enhancement of agricultural new quality productivity forces, a conclusion that remains robust after rigorous stability testing and addressing endogeneity issues. Mechanism testing shows that agricultural technological innovation acts as a key mediating path for AI empowerment.Furthermore, R&D intensity exerts a significant positive moderating effect in this process; specifically, high-intensity R&D investment effectively overcomes initial technical adaptation "rejection" and amplifies the efficacy of AI empowerment. The empowerment effect exhibits significant regional and economic heterogeneity. Positive impacts are primarily concentrated in Eastern China and economically developed regions. In contrast, the effects in Central and Western China, as well as underdeveloped regions, are not yet significant due to technological absorption bottlenecks and factor siphon effects. The conclusions provide theoretical support and decision-making references for formulating localized agricultural digital transformation policies and resolving regional agricultural development imbalances.更多还原