【摘要】 人工智能(AI)技术正深度嵌入工程实践全过程,同时改变着工程活动既有的复杂性特征,工程对象、工程方法、证据形态和责任结构等均发生深层变化。围绕“AI如何改变工程活动”这一思考脉络,本文尝试对AI时代“工程师需要何种能力结构”以及“工程教育如何系统回应”等问题逐步展开分析,提出:AI并非只是工程活动的效率提升工具或课程体系中的增量内容,应在对AI技术介入后工程活动的问题空间拓展、证据生成方式重构、系统生命周期演化和价值责任嵌入等进行全面思考后,尝试重塑AI时代工程问题的定义、证据判断、系统运维与责任承担方式。基于此,本文尝试提出AI时代工程师“思维—知识—实践—素养”四维能力结构,并从场景化教学、“能力—过程—证据”评价机制、复杂系统治理能力培养等方面提出工程教育重构路径。本文旨在为AI时代卓越工程人才培养和高等工程教育改革提供理论参考与实践路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial intelligence(AI) technologies are becoming deeply embedded in the full process of engineering practice,profoundly reshaping the complexity,boundaries and modes of engineering activities.As AI transforms engineering objects,methods,forms of evidence,and structures of responsibility,the question of how engineers should be educated and prepared for the AI era has become increasingly urgent.This paper addresses the central question of how AI is transforming engineering activities and further examines what competency structures engineers need in the AI era and how engineering education should respond systematically.This paper argues that AI should not be understood merely as a tool for improving efficiency in engineering practice or as an incremental component to be added to existing curricula.Rather,AI functions as a catalyst for redefining engineering problems,reconstructing evidence-based judgment,reshaping system operation and maintenance,and reorganizing responsibilitytaking in engineering practice.By analyzing how AI expands the problem space of engineering activities,reconstructs the mechanisms of evidence generation,reshapes system life cycles,and embeds values and responsibilities into engineering processes,this paper proposes a four-dimensional competency structure for engineers in the AI era,comprising thinking,knowledge,practice,and literacy.On this basis,the paper further outlines pathways for reconstructing engineering education,including scenario-based teaching and learning,assessment mechanisms centered on competencies,processes and evidence,and governance capacity building for complex systems.The study aims to provide both theoretical references and practical pathways for cultivating outstanding engineering talent and advancing the reform of higher engineering education in the AI era.更多还原