【摘要】 针对铁路客站建筑整体能耗水平较高、碳减排潜力大等问题，通过京张高铁怀来站实际项目工程研究，利用绿建斯维尔碳排放软件模拟的计算方法，得到怀来站站房建筑全生命周期碳排放为78.82 kgCO₂/（m²·a）。提出优化围护结构、光伏利用、降低照明功率密度、绿化碳汇、提升排风热回收效率等7项指标降碳措施，明确建筑全生命周期碳排放的影响因素。结果表明，优化设计后光伏利用与碳汇可分别降低碳排放比例达21.76%和12.43%,较优化前碳排放量降低17.15 kgCO₂/（m²·a）和9.8 kgCO₂/（m²·a）;提升排风热回收效率至70%可降低碳排放比例为7.2%,碳排放量降低5.68 kgCO₂/（m²·a）;比现行值降低10%照明功率密度，可降低碳排放比例为2.62%,碳排放量降低2.07 kgCO₂/（m²·a）。综合7项降碳措施总碳排放量降至44.01 kgCO₂/（m²·a）,降幅达46.03%,降碳效果较为显著。铁路客站低碳优化设计是实现交通与建筑双领域节能降碳、绿色低碳和可持续发展的关键核心。更多还原

【Abstract】 Given the high overall energy consumption level and high carbon emission reduction potential of railway passenger station buildings, this paper conducted practical engineering research on Huailai Station of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway, and obtained that the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the station building of Huailai Station was 78.82 kgCO₂/（m²·a） with the calculation method of carbon emission software simulation of GBSWARE. Seven carbon reduction measures were proposed, including optimizing the envelope structure, photovoltaic utilization, reducing lighting power density, creating carbon sinks through greening, and improving the efficiency of exhaust air heat recovery, to clarify the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of buildings. The results showed that the proportion of carbon emissions can be reduced by 21.76% and 12.43%, respectively, and the carbon emissions can be reduced by 17.15 kgCO₂/（m²·a） and 9.8 kgCO₂/（m²·a） compared with the carbon emissions before optimization. Increasing the exhaust air heat recovery efficiency to 70% can reduce the proportion of carbon emissions by 7.2%, and reduce carbon emissions by 5.68 kgCO₂/（m²·a）. Reducing the lighting power density by 10% compared with the current value can reduce the carbon emission ratio by 2.62%, and reduce the carbon emission by 2.07 kgCO₂/（m²·a）. The total carbon emissions of the seven carbon reduction measures decreased to 44.01 kgCO₂/（m²·a）, a decrease of 46.03%, and the carbon reduction effect was significant. The low-carbon optimized design of railway passenger stations is the key to achieving energy conservation, carbon reduction, green and low-carbon development in construction and transportation.更多还原