【摘要】 以48座采用膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺的城镇污水处理厂为研究对象，系统分析其碳排放特征及影响因素。研究结果表明：MBR城镇污水处理厂的直接、间接和总碳排放强度平均值分别为0.24、0.66和0.90 kg/m³,中位数分别为0.23、0.57和0.83 kg/m³;处理规模和电力消耗是影响碳排放强度的主要因素，其中碳排放强度与处理规模呈显著负相关，10万m³/d以上规模污水处理厂碳排放强度仅为1万～5万m³/d规模的67.3%;碳排放强度与吨水电耗呈显著正相关；地区能源类型对碳排放有显著影响，东北地区电耗占比高达71%,主要源于煤电依赖，而华东地区电耗占比低至51%,但N₂O占比高达23%,这与低采暖需求及高温高湿气候促进N₂O释放有关；为排除外部电力结构的影响，采用各地区电网电耗碳排放因子的平均值进行标准化处理，以便公平比较不同地区城镇污水厂的碳排放绩效，华南、西南和华东地区污水厂依赖电力清洁度，而东北和华北地区的高排放因子可能低估其实际减排效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study systematically analyzes the carbon emission characteristics and influencing factors of 48 membrane bioreactor（MBR） urban wastewater treatment plants. The results indicate that: The average direct, indirect, and total carbon emission intensities of MBR urban plants are 0.24, 0.66, and 0.90 kg/m³, respectively, with median values of 0.23, 0.57, and 0.83 kg/m³. Plant treatment capacity and electricity consumption are the primary factors affecting carbon emission intensity. A significant negative correlation exists between emission intensity and treatment scale, with plants exceeding 100 000 m³/d exhibiting only 67.3% of the emission intensity of those with 10 000～50 000 m³/d capacity. Conversely, a significant positive correlation is observed between emission intensity and electricity consumption per ton of water. Regional energy structures significantly influence carbon emissions. In Northeast China, electricity consumption contributes up to 71% of emissions due to coal-dependent power generation, whereas in East China, electricity accounts for only 51%, but N₂O emissions contribute 23%, likely due to reduced heating demand and high-temperature, high-humidity conditions promoting N₂O release. To eliminate the impact of external power structures, this study standardized calculations using regional grid emission factor averages for equitable cross-regional comparisons. Results show that plants in South, Southwest, and East China benefit from cleaner electricity, whereas the high emission factors in Northeast and North China may underestimate their actual emission reduction performance.更多还原