【摘要】 <正>Hydrogen, characterized by its high gravimetric energy density,is widely recognized as a promising clean energy carrier and has garnered significant global attention [1]. Among hydrogen energy technologies, proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) are distinguished by their high power density, zero emissions, and rapid response, enabling efficient conversion of hydrogen into electricity for diverse applications such as transportation, stationary power generation, and portable power sources [2,3]. Nevertheless,the relatively high cost of PEMFCs remains a key barrier to their large-scale commercialization, reducing Pt usage in PEMFCs is crucial for driving down system costs [2,3].更多还原