【摘要】 【目的】海上风力机存在与船舶碰撞的风险，其中风载荷的作用不可忽视，目前已有的研究往往采用稳态风载荷，这与实际情况有所出入。【方法】采用更符合实际工况的瞬态风载荷，使用Ls-Dyna软件模拟不同风速和风向下3种类型的海上风力机与船舶的碰撞过程，并分析碰撞过程中风力机基础的动态响应、抗撞击性能及其影响因素。【结果】结果表明，单桩基础风力机的抗撞击性能最差，对载荷的敏感性最强，导管架基础风力机的综合抗撞击性能最好；相较于风速和风向，船速对风力机结构安全的影响更大，当船速不超过4 m/s时，风力机仍可在额定风速下正常运行，但存在一定的安全隐患，一旦船速超过4 m/s，风力机将出现较严重的结构损伤；发生碰撞后，风力机塔顶的动能随风载荷的增大而增大，塔顶的重心可能偏离安全区域，有倾覆的风险；船舶航向为顺风向时风力机的结构损伤最大，船舶航向为迎风向时风力机的结构损伤最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Offshore wind turbines are exposed to the risk of collision with vessels, where the effect of wind loads cannot be ignored. However, existing studies tend to adopt steady-state wind loads, which are inconsistent with actual conditions. [Methods] By adopting transient wind loads that are more consistent with actual working conditions, the collision processes between three types of offshore wind turbines and vessels under various wind speeds and directions were simulated using the Ls-Dyna software, and the dynamic responses, crashworthiness, and their influencing factors of the wind turbine foundations during the collision were analyzed. [Results] The results show that the monopile foundation wind turbine exhibits the worst crashworthiness and the highest sensitivity to loads, while the jacket foundation wind turbine achieves the best overall crashworthiness. Compared with wind speed and direction, vessel speed has a more significant impact on the structural safety of wind turbines. When the vessel speed is not more than 4 m/s, wind turbines can still operate normally under the rated wind speed but with certain potential safety hazards. Once the vessel speed exceeds 4 m/s, the wind turbines will suffer severe structural damage. After a collision occurs, the kinetic energy of the wind turbine tower top increases with the increase of wind loads; the center of gravity of the tower top may deviate from the safe zone, leading to a risk of overturning. In addition, the wind turbine sustains the maximum structural damage when the vessel sails downwind, whereas the minimum structural damage occurs when the vessel sails upwind.更多还原