【摘要】 随着秸秆还田技术的开展，运用秸秆腐解剂进行秸秆还田逐渐普及，为了减少喷施过多腐解剂对土地造成的危害，设计了一种基于机器视觉的玉米秸秆腐解剂变量喷施系统，用来实现对喷施目标多的区域进行大流量喷施，对喷施目标少的区域进行小流量喷施，以减少腐解剂浪费的问题。采用机器视觉和PWM控制相结合的方法，以单片机作为控制核心器，输出PWM信号控制执行部件，形成对腐解剂的变量喷施，并通过加入CBAM注意力机制，提高识别的准确度。结果表明，通过在图像分割算法Atten??tion U-Net的基础上加入CBAM注意力机制，使得识别精确率达93.38%，召回率为91.35%,MIOU为85.77%，相较于原Attention U-Net提高了3.4个百分点，准确率提高了0.16个百分点。变量控制部分采用单片机输出占空比信号进行控制，通过改变输出占空比获取喷施流量的方法，进行占空比范围选择试验，结果表明占空比在55%到70%之间占空比和流量之间关系呈线性，低于55%则无法达到喷雾压力形成喷雾效果，高于70%后流量没有变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of straw return technology, the use of straw decomposers for straw return is gradually popularized, in order to reduce the harm to the land caused by spraying too much decomposer. A machine vision-based corn stover decomposer variable spraying system is designed, which is used to realize the spraying of large flow rate in the area with many spraying targets and small flow rate in the area with few spraying targets, in order to reduce the waste of decomposer, using a combination of machine vision and PWM control method. The method of combining machine vision and PWM control is adopted, and the microcontroller is used as the control core, outputting PWM signals to control the execution parts, forming the variable spraying of decay agent, and improving the accuracy of the recognition by adding the CBAM attention mechanism. The results show that by adding the CBAM attention mechanism on the basis of the image segmentation algorithm Attention U-Net, the recognition accuracy reaches 93.38%, the recall rate 91.35%, and the MIOU 85.77%, which is 3.4 percentage points higher than that of the original Attention U-Net, the accuracy is improved by 0.16 percentage points. The variable control part of the microcontroller output duty cycle signal is used to control, by changing the output duty cycle to obtain the spraying flow rate of the method of duty cycle range selection test, the results show that the duty cycle between 55% and 70% of the duty cycle and the flow rate of the relationship between the duty cycle and the flow rate into a linear, lower than 55% can not be achieved to form the effect of spraying pressure spraying,higher than 70% of the flow rate after the flow rate did not change.更多还原