【摘要】 为研究长大下坡道重载组合列车中部机车与中部机车后车辆发生跳钩事故的原因，文中通过列车纵向动力学与列车空气制动联合仿真的方法，模拟发生事故时列车司机的操作，得到发生事故位置的车钩力。通过分析中部机车与中部机车后车辆的运动姿态与受力，建立列车制动与制动缓解过程中的刚体动力学方程。结果表明：得到影响钩高差的因素为机车的点头角、车辆的点头角、车钩的相对于车体的转动。列车在制动缓解时时会出现较大的车钩力，较大车钩力是机车点头角、车辆点头角变大的原因，车钩相对于车体的转动是造成钩高差发生“突变”的原因。只要通过合理的方法限制钩高差出现大的波动，就能有效防范跳钩隐患。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the causes of coupler jumping accidents between the mid locomotive and the trailing cars of heavy freight trains on downhill slopes, this paper utilizes a combined simulation of longitudinal train dynamics and train air braking, and simulates the operations of train drivers during accidents to obtain the coupler forces at the accident points. By analyzing the motion attitudes and forces acting on the mid locomotive and the trailing cars behind it, we establish rigid body dynamics equations for train braking and brake release processes. The results show that factors affecting the coupler height difference include the pitch angles of the locomotive and cars, as well as the rotation of the coupler relative to the car body.During brake release, significant coupler forces are observed, primarily due to increased locomotive and car pitch angles. The rotation of the coupler relative to the car body is the cause of sudden changes in coupler height. By effectively limiting significant fluctuations in coupler height through reasonable methods, the risk of coupler jumping accidents can be effectively mitigated.更多还原