【摘要】 【目的】针对谐波减速器中基于凸轮等距线的柔轮轮齿定位方法缺乏力学依据的问题，构建了柔性轴承与柔轮的接触力学模型，以揭示柔轮齿圈在离散滚珠载荷作用下的变形与定位机制。【方法】首先，综合考虑轴承外圈及柔轮齿圈的协同变形、轴承游隙及保持架约束，基于叠加原理和能量法建立描述外圈边界条件及滚珠力与径向位移关系的力学方程，为滚珠力求解提供支撑；其次，采用迭代算法求解离散滚珠力的分布范围及幅值，明确滚珠接触状态；然后，利用有限元分析软件探讨变形系数、游隙系数对接触特性的影响规律，验证理论模型；最后，通过三坐标测量试验对柔轮齿圈径向变形的理论结果进行了实测验证。【结果】结果表明，所提方法预测柔轮齿圈径向变形的精度显著优于传统等距线法，最大偏差降低了84%。实测数据证明，受离散滚珠接触特性影响，柔轮齿圈仅在长轴滚珠接触区域呈现明显的类椭圆特征，而非接触区弯矩保持连续。研究可为柔性轴承结构优化及轮齿精确定位提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Aiming at the problem that the flexspline tooth positioning method based on cam isometric lines in harmonic reducers lacks mechanical basis, a contact mechanics model of flexible bearing and flexspline was constructed to reveal the deformation and positioning mechanism of flexspline tooth ring under discrete ball loads. [Methods] Firstly, considering the synergistic deformation of bearing outer ring and flexspline tooth ring, bearing clearance and cage constraint, the mechanical equations describing the boundary conditions of outer ring and the relation between ball force and radial displacement were established based on superposition principle and energy method to provide support for solving ball forces. Secondly, an iterative algorithm was adopted to solve the distribution range and amplitude of discrete ball forces and clarify the ball contact state. Then, the influence laws of deformation coefficient and clearance coefficient on contact characteristics were discussed by using finite element analysis software to verify the theoretical model. Finally, the theoretical results of radial deformation of flexspline tooth ring were verified by coordinate measuring machine tests. [Results] The results show that the proposed method has significantly higher accuracy in predicting the radial deformation of flexspline tooth ring than the traditional isometric line method, and the maximum deviation is reduced by 84%. The measured data prove that affected by the discrete ball contact characteristics, the flexspline tooth ring only presents obvious quasi-elliptical characteristics in the long-axis ball contact area, while the bending moment remains continuous in the non-contact area. Reference is provided for the structural optimization of flexible bearings and the accurate positioning of gear teeth.更多还原