【摘要】 在航空航天领域深孔、深腔构件的加工过程中，长悬伸刀具因弱刚性易引发颤振，导致加工精度下降、刀具磨损加剧，严重制约了复杂构件的高效精密加工。为解决这一难题，本研究基于动力吸振原理，设计了一种内置可调式动力吸振器(DVA)的减振铣刀，旨在通过优化吸振器参数与结构设计，提升刀具的动态稳定性。文章的主要研究内容包括动力学建模、数值仿真、结构设计、有限元仿真以及实验验证。通过建立刀具-吸振器两自由度动力学模型，采用等峰值优化准则确定了吸振器最优频率比与阻尼比，并对主振结构动态特性对吸振器最优参数的影响规律开展数值仿真。在此基础上，对吸振器的结构进行设计，并通过钨质质量块与聚氨酯O型圈的组合配置实现刚度的多级调谐。并进一步结合有限元仿真，揭示了O型圈数量及位置对吸振器刚度调谐的非线性影响规律。最后，分别通过开展模态试验与切削试验，对减振铣刀的有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明，安装吸振器后刀具频响函数幅值在X/Y方向分别降低68%与72%,切削颤振最大幅值减少了38%～56%。研究不仅旨在为长悬伸减振刀具的设计与优化提供理论框架，同时有望为航空航天复杂构件的高效精密加工提供工程化的解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the machining of deep-hole and deep-cavity components in the aerospace field, long overhanging cutting tools are prone to chatter due to weak rigidity, resulting in decreased machining accuracy and increased tool wear, which seriously restricts the efficient and precise machining of complex components. To solve this problem, based on the principle of dynamic vibration absorption, this study designs an anti-vibration milling cutter with an embedded tunable dynamic vibration absorber(DVA), aiming to improve the dynamic stability of the tool by optimizing the parameters and structural design of the vibration absorber. The main research content of the article includes dynamic modeling, numerical simulation, structural design, finite element simulation and experimental verification. A two-degrees-of-freedom dynamic model of the cutter-DVA system is established, and the optimal frequency ratio and damping ratio of the absorber are determined using the equal-peak optimization criterion. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the primary structure on the optimal parameters of the absorber. On this basis, the structure of the absorber is designed, and multi-stage stiffness tuning is achieved through a combination of tungsten mass blocks and polyurethane O-rings. Furthermore, finite element simulations are employed to reveal the nonlinear influence of the quantity and position of the O-rings on the stiffness tuning of the absorber. Finally, modal tests and cutting experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the anti-vibration milling cutter. The experimental results show that after installing the absorber, the amplitude of the tool’s frequency response function is reduced by 68% and 72% in the X and Y directions, respectively, while the maximum amplitude of cutting chatter decreases by 38%-56%. This research not only provides a theoretical framework for the design and optimization of longoverhang vibrationdamping tools but also offers an engineering solution for highefficiency and precision machining of complex aerospace components.更多还原