【摘要】 农业用水实行计量和分配用水指标是规范和强化用水管理的重要手段，针对用水管理中在农业用水计量设施规划布局建设上存在的不全面、计量数据不完整、用水单元划分不明确，以及在农业用水指标分配和应用上存在的不规范等问题，创新定义了用水单元的基本概念和特性，从灌溉系统整体出发，系统地分析提出了合理划分用水单元、设定供用水交接断面、科学规划布局完整的农业用水计量体系的原则和方法，选用计量设施的计量方式、方法和设施型式，以及面向用水单元的农业用水指标分配原则和方法，为统筹灌溉工程建设、用水计量设施建设和深化农业水价综合改革健全用水管理机制等工作，规范农业用水计量体系建设和农业用水指标分配，解决用水管理机制健全完善中存在的困惑，提供了有益的参考和指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural water metering and the allocation of water use quotas are important means of standardizing and strengthening water management. Aiming at the problems in water management, such as the incomplete planning and layout of agricultural water metering facilities, incomplete metering data, unclear division of water use units, and irregular allocation and application of agricultural water use quotas, this paper innovatively defined the basic concept and characteristics of the water use unit. Starting from the irrigation system as a whole, it systematically analyzed the principles and methods for rationally dividing water use units, setting water supply and use handover sections, and scientifically planning the layout of a complete agricultural water metering system. It also selected the metering modes, methods, and facility types for metering facilities, as well as the principles and methods for agricultural water use quota allocation oriented towards water use units. This provides a beneficial reference and guidance for coordinating irrigation project construction and water metering facility construction, deepening the comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing, improving the water management mechanism, standardizing the construction of the agricultural water metering system and the allocation of agricultural water use quotas, and resolving the confusion in improving the water management mechanism.更多还原