【摘要】 针对电力变压器局部放电检测中传统声学方法存在灵敏度不足、频带较窄的问题，文中研制一种高灵敏、宽频带的法布里-珀罗标准具（Fabry-Pérot etalon, FPE）传感器。该传感器通过优化设计的标准具、准直器和激光器，实现高灵敏度与宽频响应的特性；同时，采用光胶法进行标准具装配，确保反射面平行度误差小于2″。此外，文中还提出基于固体标准具的工作点控制方法，有效抑制由温度变化与光源波动引起的工作点漂移。实验结果表明，该FPE传感器对局部放电声信号响应良好，在50 kHz频率下灵敏度为11.88 mV/Pa，测量带宽为10 kHz～1 MHz，其频响特性与Eta250型声传感器接近，优于4939-A-011型声传感器；同时，其测量灵敏度高于Eta250和压电传感器，约为4939-A-011型声传感器的4倍。该传感器的研制为电力变压器局部放电检测提供了新型光学声传感技术。传感器的抗电磁干扰能力、宽频检测范围及高灵敏度特性，可有效提升绝缘缺陷定位的准确性，为提高变压器绝缘状态监测的准确性和可靠性提供重要技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the issues of insufficient sensitivity and narrow frequency band in traditional acoustic methods for partial discharge detection in power transformers, a high-sensitivity and wide-band Fabry-Pérot etalon(FPE) sensor is developed in this paper. By optimally the designed of etalon, collimator, and laser, the sensor achieves high sensitivity and wide-band response characteristics.The etalon is assembled using an optical adhesive method, ensuring that the parallelism error of the reflective surface is less than 2". In addition, a working point control method based on a solid etalon is designed, which effectively suppresses drift caused by temperature and light source fluctuations. Experimental results show that the FPE sensor responds well to partial discharge acoustic signals, with a sensitivity of 11.88 mV/Pa at 50 kHz and a measurement bandwidth from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. Its frequency response performance is close to that of the reference acoustic sensor Eta250 and superior to the 4939-A-011 acoustic sensor. Meanwhile, its measurement sensitivity is higher than that of both Eta250 and piezoelectric sensors, approximately four times that of the 4939-A-011 acoustic sensor. The development of this sensor provides a new optical acoustic sensing technology for partial discharge detection in power transformers. Owing to its strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, wide-band detection, and high sensitivity characteristics. It can effectively improve the accuracy of insulation defect location, offering important technical support for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of transformer insulation condition monitoring.更多还原