【摘要】 人工鸟类巢箱常用于吸引鸟类筑巢繁殖。然而，不同种类的鸟对巢的不同特征具有选择偏好。如果巢箱的设计和安装存在缺陷，对鸟类的吸引力就会下降，甚至无法招引到目标鸟类。在本研究中，我们报道了北京的雨燕塔因为巢箱设计不当，没有招引到北京雨燕（Apus apus pekinensis），反而吸引麻雀（Passer montanus）繁殖的案例。通过繁殖期的调查，我们发现麻雀占用了7.8%的雨燕塔巢箱，但是没有发现北京雨燕入住。通过比较占用和未占用的巢箱的距地面高度、朝向、巢口形状，我们发现麻雀偏好8.4 m高、南或东面朝向、巢口呈圆形或椭圆形的巢箱。将雨燕塔和曾报道过的成功招引普通雨燕繁殖的巢箱进行对比，发现成功招引普通雨燕的巢箱为扁平状，需要在巢箱前有一条畅通无阻的飞行路径、巢箱应放置在离地面至少5–7m高度的建筑立面上，并尽量避免阳光直射。我们的调查表明，巢箱的位置、朝向、巢口形状并未精心为北京雨燕设计，导致未能招引到雨燕繁殖。了解不同鸟类对巢特征的选择偏好，才能帮助我们设计合理的巢箱来招引鸟类。本研究凸显了专业知识在鸟类保护实践中的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial bird nest boxes are often used to attract birds to nest and breed. However, different bird species have distinct preferences for nest features. Flaws and improper placement of nest boxes can reduce their attractiveness to birds or even fail to attract the target species from occupying them. In the present study, we report an example of a swift tower in Beijing that failed to attract common swifts(Apus apus pekinensis) but instead attracted Eurasian tree sparrows(Passer montanus) due to suboptimal nest box design. Surveys during the breeding season revealed that sparrows occupied 7.8% of the nest boxes, while none were occupied by common swifts. By comparing characteristics(height, orientation, entrance shape) between occupied and unoccupied nest boxes, we found that sparrows preferred boxes that were 8.4 m high, south-or east-facing, and had circular or elliptical entrances. Based on a comparison of the swift tower with previously reported nest boxes that successfully attracted common swifts, we conclude that location, orientation, and entrance shape of the nest boxes were not appropriately designed for swifts, resulting in their absence. This case highlights that proper design of nest boxes to attract a target bird species for conservation requires a thorough understanding of species-specific preferences for nest characteristics.更多还原