【摘要】 现代化产业体系是中国式现代化的物质技术基础，建设现代化产业体系是当前我国经济发展的战略任务。21世纪以来，新科技革命和新地缘政治格局成为全球百年未有之大变局中的两个重要变量：新科技革命持续拓展产业发展的效率边界，新地缘政治格局则划定了产业安全的约束底线，二者共同构成产业体系演化的“内生动力—外生约束”组合，统筹发展和安全由此成为贯穿现代化产业体系建设的基本逻辑。本文从上述双重视域出发，系统剖析现代化产业体系的组织形态演进、结构变化规律与全球产业分工演变。本文认为，网络化和平台化颠覆了传统产业体系的组织形态，推动产业生态发生根本性变革；产业升级不仅表现为产业结构的变化，更表现为产业发展方式的变革。新地缘政治格局下，全球产业体系面临技术主权博弈和保护主义强化的外部挑战，安全与效率的平衡重塑全球产业分工，呈现“战略性环节本土化+非竞争环节全球化”的新二元特征。本文提出，以完整性、先进性与安全性的有机统一为建设目标，以新科技革命为引领，坚持智能化、绿色化、融合化方向，以统筹发展和安全为底线，着力提升产业体系韧性；在战略重点上，以先进制造业为骨干，推进生产性服务业向专业化和价值链高端延伸，适度超前布局新型基础设施；以“四链融合”夯实要素支撑，以双循环畅通保障产业体系安全运行，为中国式现代化提供坚实的物质技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coordinating development and security constitutes the underlying logic of building China’s modern industrial system,which serves as the material and technological foundation for Chinese Modernization. Since the beginning of this century,the new technological revolution and the new geopolitical landscape have emerged as two critical variables within the global century-long transformation:the new technological revolution continuously expands the efficiency frontier of industrial development,while the new geopolitical landscape defines the security constraints,together forming an “endogenous driving force—exogenous constraint” combination.This paper systematically examines the evolutionary trajectory of industrial organizational forms,structural transformation patterns,and shifts in global industrial division of labor from this dual perspective.The new technological revolution,particularly breakthroughs in digital technology and artificial intelligence,is fundamentally altering industrial organizational forms and techno-economic paradigms.Industrial organization is shifting from linear structures to networked and platform-based architectures,forming a dualistic pattern of “oligopolistic platform aggregation + peripheral ecological diffusion”.Industrial upgrading is increasingly reflected not in proportional structural changes,but in transformations of development modes,with digitalization,greening,and integration as core features.The new geopolitical landscape,especially contests over technological sovereignty and rising protectionism,has profoundly reshaped global industrial division of labor. A new dual characteristic emerges:“localization of strategic segments + globalization of non-competitive segments”. This “coopetition paradox” drives rebalancing between security and efficiency within global supply chains,posing dual challenges to the openness and security of China’s industrial system.Confronted with these transformations,this paper proposes the following strategic framework. In terms of objectives:the organic unity of completeness,advanced nature,and security should serve as the overarching goal; digitalization,greening,and integration as guiding principles; and coordinating development and security as the baseline for enhancing industrial resilience. In terms of priorities:advanced manufacturing should serve as the backbone; Producer services should advance toward specialization and higher value-chain positions; new infrastructure should be developed ahead of demand; the “four-chain integration” of innovation,industry,capital,and talent should consolidate factor support; and dual circulation should safeguard the secure operation of the industrial system,ultimately solidifying the material and technological foundation for Chinese Modernization.更多还原