【摘要】 针对直升机润滑系统故障导致乏油润滑时齿面温度急剧升高进而引发胶合或卡死的问题，以某直升机主减速器输入级弧齿锥齿轮传动系统为研究对象，提出一种乏油条件下齿面瞬态温度计算方法。建立乏油条件下的换热系数和摩擦因数随油气比的时变表达式，推导传动系统的热平衡微分方程；基于齿面加载接触分析获得齿面瞬态接触椭圆和载荷分布，将齿面摩擦热流量作为热载荷施加于接触椭圆上，建立乏油润滑下弧齿锥齿轮传动的齿轮本体温度计算模型。以正常润滑时的温度为初值，求得乏油条件下齿面本体温度随乏油时间的变化规律。采用改进的齿面闪温和热分配系数方法计算获得乏油条件下的齿面瞬时闪温，与本体温度结合形成乏油条件下弧齿锥齿轮齿面瞬态温度计算方法。最后，基于弧齿锥齿轮试验箱，分别采用瞬态温度计算方法、有限元软件和实验测试对乏油条件下的锥齿轮齿面温度进行对比分析。结果表明：正常润滑下，热网络法、有限元法与试验的温度相对误差在10%以内；乏油状态下，最大相对误差为10.3%,验证了所提方法的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the problem of a sharp rise in tooth surface temperature under oil starvation lubrication caused by lubrication system failure in a helicopter lubrication system, which may lead to scuffing or seizure, the spiral bevel gear transmission system of the input stage of a helicopter main reducer was taken as the research object, and a transient tooth surface temperature calculation method under oil starvation conditions was proposed.Time-varying expressions of the heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient as functions of the oil-air ratio under oil-starved conditions were established, and the thermal equilibrium differential equation of the transmission system was derived.Based on tooth contact analysis under load, the transient contact ellipse and load distribution on the tooth surface were obtained.The frictional heat flux on the tooth surface was applied as a thermal load on the contact ellipse, and a gear body temperature calculation model for the spiral bevel gear transmission under oil-starved lubrication was established.Taking the temperature under normal lubrication as the initial value, the variation law of the tooth surface body temperature with oil starvation time was obtained.An improved tooth surface flash temperature and heat partition coefficient method was used to calculate the instantaneous flash temperature on the tooth surface under oil-starved conditions, which was then combined with the body temperature to form a transient tooth surface temperature calculation method for spiral bevel gears under oil-starved conditions.Finally, based on a spiral bevel gear test box, the tooth surface temperature of the bevel gear under oil-starved conditions was compared and analyzed using the proposed transient temperature calculation method, finite element software, and experimental tests.The results show that under normal lubrication, the relative errors between the thermal network method, the finite element method, and the experimental temperature are found to be within 10%.Under oil starvation conditions, the maximum relative error is observed to be 10.3%,thereby verifying the correctness of the proposed method.更多还原