【摘要】 黑水虻处理技术是一种快速发展的农业畜禽粪便资源化方法。相比于鸡粪，猪粪由于营养低、水分大，尚无吨级规模处理实践。本课题聚焦黑水虻幼虫处理生猪全粪的效率和过程，首先在公斤级规模下，比较了虫密度50～600只/kg时，黑水虻幼虫的生长、产率、处理效率以及虫沙的理化和生物学性质，然后在吨级规模下，进行了四轮处理实践。结果表明，随着黑水虻虫密度从50只/kg增加到400只/kg时，虫产率从3.1%增加到11.0%(基于猪粪干重),猪粪干重减量率从14.8%升高到20.1%(基于猪粪干重),但是单只虫所减少的猪粪干重从0.4 g下降到0.06 g。而当虫密度达到600只/kg时，虫产率和单虫处理效率均显著下降。在不同虫密度下，终点虫沙中均未检出大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌及重金属镉和汞，铅含量低于2.0 mg/kg。当虫密度≥100只/kg时，虫沙无植物毒性，种子发芽势达到136%～249%。因此，100只/kg的虫密度是达到虫沙无植物毒性且单只虫处理效率较高的优势条件。将此条件进行吨级规模放大后，发现完善的基建(场地水平、防晒、防雨、温控、自动搅拌等)是确保吨级处理成功的必要条件。四轮吨级处理的最佳结果为，幼虫存活率64.4%,虫产率3.13%,粪减量化率21.8%。相比于公斤级规模(100只/kg)的幼虫存活率97.2%,虫产率5.68%,粪减量化率19.9%,吨级规模处理在幼虫存活率和虫产率方面有显著差距，但粪减量化率保持一致。未来研究中，提高吨级规模下幼虫存活率是促进黑水虻处理技术应用于实践的关键。本研究通过虫密度优化提供了吨级规模处理案例，为黑水虻技术在生态农业建设中的应用提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Black Soldier Fly treatment technology is a rapidly developing method for resource utilization of agricultural livestock and poultry manure. Compared to chicken manure, pig manure has lower nutritional value and higher moisture content, and there are currently no practices for ton-scale processing. This study focuses on the efficiency and process of using Black Soldier Fly larvae to treat whole pig manure. Initially, at a kilogram scale, the growth, yield, processing efficiency of the larvae, and the physicochemical and biological properties of the larval frass were compared at larval densities ranging from 50 to 600 larvae/kg to determine the method that maximizes processing efficiency. Subsequently, four rounds of treatment were conducted at a ton-scale. The results showed that as larval density increased from 50 larvae/kg to 400 larvae/kg, the larvae yield increased from 3.1% to 11.0%(based on pig manure dry weight), and the dry weight reduction rate of pig manure increased from 14.8% to 20.1%(based on pig manure dry weight). However, the amount of pig manure dry weight reduced per larva decreased significantly from 0.4 g to 0.06 g. When the larval density reached 600 larvae/kg, both the yield and individual larval processing efficiency significantly declined. At different larval densities, no contamination with E. coli or Salmonella were detected in the larval frass, and the lead content was below 2.0 mg/kg, with no cadmium or mercury detected. When the larval density was ≥100 larvae/kg, the larval frass exhibited no phytotoxicity, with seed germination potential reaching 136%～249%. Therefore, a larval density of 100 larvae/kg is identified as an optimal condition that ensures non-phytotoxicity of frass while maintaining a high individual larva processing efficiency. Scaling this condition up to a ton-scale revealed that the main challenges lie in the construction of basic infrastructure at the processing site. Essential infrastructural conditions, such as site leveling, sunshading, rain protection, temperature control, and automatic stirring, are necessary to ensure successful ton-scale processing. The best results from the four rounds of ton-scale processing were a larval survival rate of 64.4%, a larval product yield of 3.13%, and a manure reduction rate of 21.8%. Compared to kilogram-scale processing(at 100 larvae/kg density) where the larval survival rate was 97.2%, the larval product yield was 5.68%, and manure reduction rate was 19.9%, the ton-scale processing showed significant differences in larval survival rate and larvae yield but maintained similar manure reduction rates. Future research should focus on improving the survival rate of larvae at a ton-scale, as this is key to promoting the practical application of Black Soldier Fly processing technology. This study illustrates a method for optimizing Black Soldier Fly treatment efficiency through larval density conditions and provides a practical case of ton-scale resource utilization of pig manure, offering valuable insights for the application of Black Soldier Fly treatment technology in ecological agriculture development.更多还原