【摘要】 选择哺乳期健康的8对西门塔尔母子牛，通过细菌群落16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析、PICRUSt2功能预测、文献计量学等方法研究肠道菌群结构功能组成，旨在探明8对母子牛肠道微生物的关联性。结果表明，厚壁菌门的梭菌属和葡萄球菌属等、螺旋体门的密螺旋体属、软壁菌门的支原体属、变形菌门的立克次氏体属和螺杆菌属等共20个优势潜在病原菌属的相对丰度分布存在个体差异。母代成牛Ch1-2、Ch7-8对应的子代犊牛Du1-2、Du7-8菌群组成聚为母子簇；Ch3-6和Du3-6分别聚为母代成牛簇和子代犊牛簇。金黄色葡萄球菌及幽门螺杆菌等4条病原菌感染通路聚类分析显示，Ch1-4与Du1-4母子对为低风险感染组；Ch5-8与Du5-8母子对为高风险感染组。金黄色葡萄球菌感染通路对葡萄球菌属丰度分布变异的总解释度为12.98%,两者间存在极显著(P<0.01)正相关关系，相关性系数r=0.881。母子对潜在病原菌属和感染通路丰度均存在极显著(P<0.01)正相关关系，相关性系数r=0.746-0.927和r=1.000-1.000,说明母子对肠道潜在优势病原菌结构及功能组成密切相关。综上，8对健康母子牛肠道中均存在潜在病原菌，其菌群结构与感染通路相对丰度的分布存在个体差异但两者密切相关，可划分为高风险和低风险感染母子组。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study selected eight pairs of healthy lactating Simmental dam-calf pairs to investigate the structural and functional compositions of gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, functional prediction with PICRUSt2, and bibliometric methods. The aim was to explore the associations of gut microbiota in dam-calf pairs. The results indicated individual variations in the relative abundance of top 20 potential pathogenic genera included Clostridium and Staphylococcus of Firmicutes phylum, Treponema of Spirocheta, Mycoplasmataceae of Tenericutes, Rickettsiales and Helicobacter of Proteobacteria. The heatmap analysis showed that the dams’ Ch1-2 and Ch7-8 clustered with their corresponding calves Du1-2 and Du7-8, forming dam-calf clusters. The dams’ Ch3-6 and calves’ Du3-6 were grouped as separate maternal and offspring clusters. Clustering analysis of infection pathways for four pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori, showed that dam-calf pairs Ch1-4 and Du1-4 were categorized as low-risk infection groups, while pairs Ch5-8 and Du5-8 were classified as high-risk infection groups. The infection pathway of Staphylococcus aureus explained 12.98% of the variation in the abundance distribution of Staphylococcus, demonstrating a highly positive correlation(P<0.01), with a correlation coefficient of r=0.881. Furthermore, there was a highly positive correlation(P<0.01) between the abundance of potential pathogenic genera and infection pathways in the dam-calf pairs, with correlation coefficients ranging from r=0.746 to 0.927 and r=1.000 to 1.000. This suggests that the structural and functional compositions of potential dominant pathogenic microbiota in the gut of dam-calf pairs are closely related. In summary, all eight healthy Simmental dam-calf pairs harbored potential pathogens in their gut. Although individual variations existed, the microbiota structure was closely associated with the relative abundance of infection-related pathways, allowing the pairs to be clustered into high-and low-risk groups for infection.更多还原