【摘要】 目的 分析2023―2024年上海市报告猴痘病例的流行病学和临床特征，为疫情防控和临床诊治提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法，对上海市2023―2024年报告猴痘病例的流行病学和临床特征进行分析。结果 2023―2024年上海市报告猴痘病例118例，主要分布在2023年，发病高峰为7―8月。病例均为男性，中位年龄为33岁，96.61%为男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM),45.76%为人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者，87.29%发病前21 d内存在男男性行为。潜伏期为1～18 d,平均7(5, 9)d。有症状者占98.30%,临床症状主要为皮疹(95.76%)、发热(63.56%)和淋巴结肿大(35.59%),首发症状以生殖器皮疹(52.54%)和发热(28.81%)为主。发现方式以主动就诊(92.37%)为主，就诊科室以皮肤(性病)科(50.00%)为主。发病至首次就诊时间间隔为0～42 d,平均时间间隔为3(1, 4)d。疱疹液或皮疹拭子核酸检测阳性率为100.00%,全基因组测序获得序列均为猴痘病毒Ⅱb分支。结论 上海市猴痘病原为Ⅱb分支病毒，主要在MSM人群中通过男男性接触传播。建议继续加强猴痘疫情监测，强化医务人员培训，加强健康干预，警惕猴痘Ⅰ型分支输入风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of mpox cases in Shanghai during 2023-2024, to provide scientific evidences for public health strategies as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of mpox cases in Shanghai during 2023-2024. Results A total of 118 mpox cases were reported in Shanghai from 2023 to 2024, with the majority reported in 2023 and peaked during July-August. All cases were male, with a median age of 33 years. Among them, 96.61% were men who have sex with men(MSM), 45.76% were human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive, and 87.29% reported male-to-male sexual contact within 21 days before symptom onset. The incubation period ranged from 1 to 18 days, with a mean of 7(5, 9) days. Symptoms were observed in 98.30% of cases. The main clinical features were rash(95.76%), fever(63.56%), and lymphadenopathy(35.59%). The initial symptoms were mainly genital rash(52.54%) and fever(28.81%). Most cases were discovered through medical consultation(92.37%), predominantly in dermatology(venereology) departments(50.00%). The time from symptom onset to first medical consultation ranged from 0 to 42 days, with a mean of 3(1, 4) days. All vesicular fluid and rash swab samples were tested positive by PCR. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that all obtained sequences belonged to the MPXV clade Ⅱb. Conclusions Mpox outbreak in Shanghai was caused by Clade Ⅱb MPXV, mainly transmitted through male-to-male sexual contact among MSM. It is recommended to continue strengthening surveillance, enhancing training for medical personnel, reinforcing health interventions, and being aware of the risk of mpox Clade Ⅰ MPXV importation.更多还原