【摘要】 含碳耐火材料被广泛应用于转炉、电弧炉、钢包、滑板、连铸三大件等钢铁冶金设备。传统含碳耐火材料因其碳含量较高，在与钢液直接接触的冶炼过程中，碳会向钢液中扩散，造成钢水增碳，同时其本身易氧化且生产能耗高。因此，在钢铁冶炼行业中，传统含碳耐火材料已难以满足洁净钢的发展要求，降低碳含量成为亟待解决的问题。然而，单纯降低碳含量会导致含碳耐火材料的抗热震性以及抗熔渣侵蚀等性能下降，直接影响其使用寿命，因此探究含碳耐火材料在不损失性能的前提下实现低碳化具有重要意义。目前对纳米炭的引入、结合剂的改性和添加剂的引入已开展较为充分的研究，但炭易氧化的问题仍未能解决。因此，引入抗氧化性优异的类石墨相材料，既保留了石墨的层状结构与优异的导热、润滑性能，又具备更好的抗氧化性与化学稳定性，成为含碳耐火材料低碳化研究的新方向。本综述对MAX相以及h-BN等类石墨相在耐火材料中的应用研究进行了总结，并对类石墨相引入含碳耐火材料的下一步研究提出了发展建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon-containing refractories are widely used in steelmaking equipment such as converters, electric arc furnaces, ladles, slide gates and continuous casting components. Traditional carbon-containing refractories have a high carbon content. During the smelting process where they are in direct contact with molten steel, carbon diffuses into the molten steel and causes carbon pickup. At the same time, these materials are easily oxidized and their production consumes high energy. Therefore, in the iron and steel industry, traditional carbon-containing refractories can no longer meet the development requirements of clean steel. Reducing the carbon content has thus become an urgent problem to solve. However, simply lowering the carbon content degrades the thermal shock resistance and slag corrosion resistance of carbon-containing refractories and directly affects their service life. Therefore, exploring the low-carbonization of carbon-containing refractories without performance loss is of great significance. At present, sufficient research has been conducted on the introduction of nanocarbon, the modification of binders and the addition of additives. Yet, the problem of carbon oxidation remains unsolved. Hence, the introduction of graphite-like materials with excellent oxidation resistance has become a new direction in the low-carbon research of carbon-containing refractories. These materials retain the layered structure and superior thermal conductivity and lubrication properties of graphite while offering better oxidation resistance and chemical stability. The research on the application of graphite-like materials is summarized such as MAX phases and h-BN in refractories and proposes suggestions for future studies on the introduction of graphite-like phases into carbon-containing refractories.更多还原